生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
8期
1351-1358
,共8页
麻冰涓%王海邻%李小超%张永慧%刘军%李东艳
痳冰涓%王海鄰%李小超%張永慧%劉軍%李東豔
마빙연%왕해린%리소초%장영혜%류군%리동염
农田作物%重金属%污染指数%聚类分析%主成分分析%健康风险评价
農田作物%重金屬%汙染指數%聚類分析%主成分分析%健康風險評價
농전작물%중금속%오염지수%취류분석%주성분분석%건강풍험평개
farmland soil%heavy metal%pollution index%clustering analysis%principle component analysis%health risk assessment
农产品污染引发的食品安全问题目前已经成为全社会关注的焦点，为了研究和评价农作物中重金属污染和健康风险状况，采集了焦作市武陟县玉米、水稻和花生三种大田作物样品，共计47个样品，其中玉米样品16个，花生样品4个，水稻样品27个。在测定作物籽粒中重金属Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb含量的基础上，分别采用单因子污染指数和综合污染指数法评价了作物籽粒中重金属的污染状况，并运用危险商（HQ）法评价了这些作物中的重金属对人体健康可能造成的风险，进而应用相关分析法、聚类分析法及主成分分析法，探讨了作物籽粒中重金属含量的分布特征及其污染来源。结果表明：武陟县农田作物籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为0.26±0.42、0.31±0.29、0.04±0.03、0.01±0.04和0.03±0.03 mg·kg-1。其中，玉米籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为8.86×10-2±0.21、9.41×10-2±0.12、8.10×10-3±5.29×10-3、1.20×10-5±4.92×10-5和0.04±0.02 mg·kg-1；水稻籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为0.38±0.49、0.44±0.31、0.07±0.02、4.60×10-3±7.42×10-3和0.03±0.03 mg·kg-1；花生籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分别为0.13±0.22、0.32±0.16、0.02±3.05×10-3、0.11±0.07和1.32×10-2±1.70×10-2 mg·kg-1。农作物籽粒中各重金属元素的单因子污染指数评价结果显示，从总体上看，3种农作物籽粒中5种重金属的单因子污染指数均值均小于1，单因子污染指数均值大小顺序为：Ni＞As＞Cr＞Pb＞Cd；从作物类型来看，玉米和水稻中Ni超标的样品比率分别为6.67%和51.85%，水稻中Cr超标的样品比率为12%。农作物籽粒中各重金属元素的综合污染指数评价结果显示，重金属的平均综合污染指数为0.59，整体上处于安全等级。总体来看，14.89%的农作物受到不同程度的污染，其中轻度污染的农作物占10.64%，中度污染的农作物占4.25%，19.15%的农作物处于警戒限。重金属污染程度以水稻最为严重，轻度污染的为18.52%，中度污染的为7.41%，另外有29.63%处于警戒限内。健康风险评价结果显示，对于成人和儿童而言，5种重金属的健康风险指数均小于1，不会造成当地成人和儿童的健康风险，但重金属通过本地谷物类和豆类产品摄入对成人造成的健康风险略高于儿童。农作物籽粒中5种重金属的相关性分析表明，Cr-Ni和As-Ni在作物籽粒中存在极显著正相关性，Cr-As存在显著的正相关性。聚类分析发现，Cr和Ni可以聚为一类，有可能存在共同的来源。针对玉米的主成分分析表明，玉米中5种重金属可以由2个主成分来反映，第一主成分主要支配着玉米籽粒中Cr、Ni、As和Cd的来源。第二主成分支配Pb，其来源与其他重金属元素有较大区别。
農產品汙染引髮的食品安全問題目前已經成為全社會關註的焦點，為瞭研究和評價農作物中重金屬汙染和健康風險狀況，採集瞭焦作市武陟縣玉米、水稻和花生三種大田作物樣品，共計47箇樣品，其中玉米樣品16箇，花生樣品4箇，水稻樣品27箇。在測定作物籽粒中重金屬Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb含量的基礎上，分彆採用單因子汙染指數和綜閤汙染指數法評價瞭作物籽粒中重金屬的汙染狀況，併運用危險商（HQ）法評價瞭這些作物中的重金屬對人體健康可能造成的風險，進而應用相關分析法、聚類分析法及主成分分析法，探討瞭作物籽粒中重金屬含量的分佈特徵及其汙染來源。結果錶明：武陟縣農田作物籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分彆為0.26±0.42、0.31±0.29、0.04±0.03、0.01±0.04和0.03±0.03 mg·kg-1。其中，玉米籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分彆為8.86×10-2±0.21、9.41×10-2±0.12、8.10×10-3±5.29×10-3、1.20×10-5±4.92×10-5和0.04±0.02 mg·kg-1；水稻籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分彆為0.38±0.49、0.44±0.31、0.07±0.02、4.60×10-3±7.42×10-3和0.03±0.03 mg·kg-1；花生籽粒中的Cr、Ni、As、Cd和Pb的平均含量分彆為0.13±0.22、0.32±0.16、0.02±3.05×10-3、0.11±0.07和1.32×10-2±1.70×10-2 mg·kg-1。農作物籽粒中各重金屬元素的單因子汙染指數評價結果顯示，從總體上看，3種農作物籽粒中5種重金屬的單因子汙染指數均值均小于1，單因子汙染指數均值大小順序為：Ni＞As＞Cr＞Pb＞Cd；從作物類型來看，玉米和水稻中Ni超標的樣品比率分彆為6.67%和51.85%，水稻中Cr超標的樣品比率為12%。農作物籽粒中各重金屬元素的綜閤汙染指數評價結果顯示，重金屬的平均綜閤汙染指數為0.59，整體上處于安全等級。總體來看，14.89%的農作物受到不同程度的汙染，其中輕度汙染的農作物佔10.64%，中度汙染的農作物佔4.25%，19.15%的農作物處于警戒限。重金屬汙染程度以水稻最為嚴重，輕度汙染的為18.52%，中度汙染的為7.41%，另外有29.63%處于警戒限內。健康風險評價結果顯示，對于成人和兒童而言，5種重金屬的健康風險指數均小于1，不會造成噹地成人和兒童的健康風險，但重金屬通過本地穀物類和豆類產品攝入對成人造成的健康風險略高于兒童。農作物籽粒中5種重金屬的相關性分析錶明，Cr-Ni和As-Ni在作物籽粒中存在極顯著正相關性，Cr-As存在顯著的正相關性。聚類分析髮現，Cr和Ni可以聚為一類，有可能存在共同的來源。針對玉米的主成分分析錶明，玉米中5種重金屬可以由2箇主成分來反映，第一主成分主要支配著玉米籽粒中Cr、Ni、As和Cd的來源。第二主成分支配Pb，其來源與其他重金屬元素有較大區彆。
농산품오염인발적식품안전문제목전이경성위전사회관주적초점，위료연구화평개농작물중중금속오염화건강풍험상황，채집료초작시무척현옥미、수도화화생삼충대전작물양품，공계47개양품，기중옥미양품16개，화생양품4개，수도양품27개。재측정작물자립중중금속Cr、Ni、As、Cd화Pb함량적기출상，분별채용단인자오염지수화종합오염지수법평개료작물자립중중금속적오염상황，병운용위험상（HQ）법평개료저사작물중적중금속대인체건강가능조성적풍험，진이응용상관분석법、취류분석법급주성분분석법，탐토료작물자립중중금속함량적분포특정급기오염래원。결과표명：무척현농전작물자립중적Cr、Ni、As、Cd화Pb적평균함량분별위0.26±0.42、0.31±0.29、0.04±0.03、0.01±0.04화0.03±0.03 mg·kg-1。기중，옥미자립중적Cr、Ni、As、Cd화Pb적평균함량분별위8.86×10-2±0.21、9.41×10-2±0.12、8.10×10-3±5.29×10-3、1.20×10-5±4.92×10-5화0.04±0.02 mg·kg-1；수도자립중적Cr、Ni、As、Cd화Pb적평균함량분별위0.38±0.49、0.44±0.31、0.07±0.02、4.60×10-3±7.42×10-3화0.03±0.03 mg·kg-1；화생자립중적Cr、Ni、As、Cd화Pb적평균함량분별위0.13±0.22、0.32±0.16、0.02±3.05×10-3、0.11±0.07화1.32×10-2±1.70×10-2 mg·kg-1。농작물자립중각중금속원소적단인자오염지수평개결과현시，종총체상간，3충농작물자립중5충중금속적단인자오염지수균치균소우1，단인자오염지수균치대소순서위：Ni＞As＞Cr＞Pb＞Cd；종작물류형래간，옥미화수도중Ni초표적양품비솔분별위6.67%화51.85%，수도중Cr초표적양품비솔위12%。농작물자립중각중금속원소적종합오염지수평개결과현시，중금속적평균종합오염지수위0.59，정체상처우안전등급。총체래간，14.89%적농작물수도불동정도적오염，기중경도오염적농작물점10.64%，중도오염적농작물점4.25%，19.15%적농작물처우경계한。중금속오염정도이수도최위엄중，경도오염적위18.52%，중도오염적위7.41%，령외유29.63%처우경계한내。건강풍험평개결과현시，대우성인화인동이언，5충중금속적건강풍험지수균소우1，불회조성당지성인화인동적건강풍험，단중금속통과본지곡물류화두류산품섭입대성인조성적건강풍험략고우인동。농작물자립중5충중금속적상관성분석표명，Cr-Ni화As-Ni재작물자립중존재겁현저정상관성，Cr-As존재현저적정상관성。취류분석발현，Cr화Ni가이취위일류，유가능존재공동적래원。침대옥미적주성분분석표명，옥미중5충중금속가이유2개주성분래반영，제일주성분주요지배착옥미자립중Cr、Ni、As화Cd적래원。제이주성분지배Pb，기래원여기타중금속원소유교대구별。
Food safety issues induced by pollution of agricultural products has become the social concern. To assess the pollution status and human health risks induced by heavy metals in corps, 47 samples, including 16 corn samples, 27 rice sanples, and 4 peanut samples, were collected from typical farmland in Wuzhi County. After the analysis of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb contents in the samples, single factor pollution index and comprehensive pollution index were calculated to assess the quality of corps. Furthermore, the potential health risk induced by intake of heavy metals through consumption of corps was evaluated using hazard quotient(HQ). Correlation analysis, clustering analysis and principle component analysis were conducted to identify the sources and distribution of these heavy metals in the corps. It was found that the average concentrations of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb in the corps were 0.26±0.42, 0.31±0.29, 0.04±0.03, 0.01±0.04, and 0.03±0.03 mg·kg-1, respectively. With respect to corn, the average concentrations of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb were 8.86×10-2±0.21, 9.41×10-2±0.12, 8.10×10-3±5.29×10-3, 1.20×10-5±4.92×10-5, and 0.04±0.02 mg·kg-1, respectively. As for rice, the average concentrations of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb were 0.38±0.49, 0.44±0.31, 0.07±0.02, 4.60×10-3±7.42×10-3, and 0.03±0.03mg·kg-1, respectively. The average concentrations of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb in the peanuts were 0.13±0.22, 0.32±0.16, 0.02±3.05×10-3, 0.11±0.07, and1.32×10-2±1.70×10-2, respectively. Single factor pollution indices of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb were smaller than 1 with an decreasing order of Ni>As>Cr>Pb>Cd.6.67%of the corns samples and 51.85%of the rice samples have Ni concentrations higher than the Standard of Maximum levels of contaminants in foods(GB2762-2005). In addition, 12%of the rice samples have concentrations of Cr higher than the Standard. The average comprehensive pollution index was 0.59, indicating that the corps have not been polluted. In general, about 14.89%of the samples were subjected to pollution of different degrees. Specificly, 10.64%of the samples were slightly polluted, 4.25%were moderately polluted, and 19.15%of the samples were categorized into the warning level. In the 3 crop species studied, rice was polluted most heavily, with 29.63%, 18.52%, and 7.41%of the samples falling into the categaries of warning level, slight, and moderate pollution, respectively. Health risk indices of these heavy metals were smaller than 1 for both adults and children, indicating that the health risk induced by intake of heavy metals through crops comsumption could be ignored. The health risk for adults was higher than that for children. Highly positive correlations of Cr-Ni and As-Ni, and positive correlation of Cr-As in the corp samples were established significantly. Clustering analysis revealed that Cr and Ni might have originated from similar sources. Principle component analysis revealed that the first main component dominated the sources of Cr, Ni, As, and Cd, while the second main component, Pb, might have originated from sources different from that of other heavy metals.
