生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
8期
1344-1350
,共7页
薛亮%高暝%史胜青%魏远%江泽平%刘建锋
薛亮%高暝%史勝青%魏遠%江澤平%劉建鋒
설량%고명%사성청%위원%강택평%류건봉
抗污染%木本植物%锑%生理响应%积累特征
抗汙染%木本植物%銻%生理響應%積纍特徵
항오염%목본식물%제%생리향응%적루특정
contamination resistance%woody plant%antimony%physiological response%accumulation characters
以臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、构树(Broussonetia papyrifera)、大叶黄杨(Buxus megistophylla)和紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)4种抗污染木本植物苗木为材料,在盆栽条件下设置0、250、500、1000和2000 mg·kg-15个锑的质量分数梯度,分析胁迫过程中苗木苗高、地径、生物量、耐性指数、相对叶绿素含量、POD活性和SOD活性等指标的变化,探讨这4种苗木对锑胁迫的生理响应,并通过测定苗木地上、地下部分锑的质量分数,明确这几种植物对锑的积累特征,以期为锑污染植物修复材料筛选提供理论基础。结果表明:在不同质量分数锑胁迫下,4种木本植物的苗高、地茎、生物量及耐性指数出现不同程度的下降,其中大叶黄杨在不同质量分数锑处理下的耐性指数均大于90%,表现出对锑较强的抗性。除大叶黄杨外,在中、中高质量分数(500、1000 mg·kg-1)锑处理后,其他3种木本植物叶片叶绿素含量较对照均显著下降。而在高质量分数锑胁迫下,4种木本植物的叶绿素含量与对照相比均显著下降,表明锑能通过影响植物的光合作用来降低这4种木本植物的生物量合成。在中高质量分数锑胁迫下,4种植物根系的POD和SOD活性均呈现不同程度的增加;在高质量分数锑胁迫下,臭椿、构树和紫穗槐的POD及SOD活性增加幅度减少或受到抑制,表明抗氧化酶系统在植物抵抗锑胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,同时高质量分数的锑胁迫又能降低抗氧化酶系统清除活性氧的能力。在不同质量分数的锑胁迫下,4种木本植物地上、地下部分锑的质量分数存在差异,分别为构树>紫穗槐>臭椿>大叶黄杨,紫穗槐>构树>臭椿>大叶黄杨,表明大叶黄杨可能通过对锑较强的排斥能力,减少锑对叶绿素合成、POD和SOD活性的抑制作用,近而增强了其对锑胁迫的抗性。固氮植物紫穗槐根系最大锑的质量分数达到418.27 mg·kg-1,且在各质量分数锑处理下均具有最大的富集系数BCF,可作为锑植物稳定的潜力树种。此外,这4种木本植物均可作为锑污染地区植被恢复过程中的先锋木本植物。
以臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)、構樹(Broussonetia papyrifera)、大葉黃楊(Buxus megistophylla)和紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)4種抗汙染木本植物苗木為材料,在盆栽條件下設置0、250、500、1000和2000 mg·kg-15箇銻的質量分數梯度,分析脅迫過程中苗木苗高、地徑、生物量、耐性指數、相對葉綠素含量、POD活性和SOD活性等指標的變化,探討這4種苗木對銻脅迫的生理響應,併通過測定苗木地上、地下部分銻的質量分數,明確這幾種植物對銻的積纍特徵,以期為銻汙染植物脩複材料篩選提供理論基礎。結果錶明:在不同質量分數銻脅迫下,4種木本植物的苗高、地莖、生物量及耐性指數齣現不同程度的下降,其中大葉黃楊在不同質量分數銻處理下的耐性指數均大于90%,錶現齣對銻較彊的抗性。除大葉黃楊外,在中、中高質量分數(500、1000 mg·kg-1)銻處理後,其他3種木本植物葉片葉綠素含量較對照均顯著下降。而在高質量分數銻脅迫下,4種木本植物的葉綠素含量與對照相比均顯著下降,錶明銻能通過影響植物的光閤作用來降低這4種木本植物的生物量閤成。在中高質量分數銻脅迫下,4種植物根繫的POD和SOD活性均呈現不同程度的增加;在高質量分數銻脅迫下,臭椿、構樹和紫穗槐的POD及SOD活性增加幅度減少或受到抑製,錶明抗氧化酶繫統在植物牴抗銻脅迫過程中髮揮重要作用,同時高質量分數的銻脅迫又能降低抗氧化酶繫統清除活性氧的能力。在不同質量分數的銻脅迫下,4種木本植物地上、地下部分銻的質量分數存在差異,分彆為構樹>紫穗槐>臭椿>大葉黃楊,紫穗槐>構樹>臭椿>大葉黃楊,錶明大葉黃楊可能通過對銻較彊的排斥能力,減少銻對葉綠素閤成、POD和SOD活性的抑製作用,近而增彊瞭其對銻脅迫的抗性。固氮植物紫穗槐根繫最大銻的質量分數達到418.27 mg·kg-1,且在各質量分數銻處理下均具有最大的富集繫數BCF,可作為銻植物穩定的潛力樹種。此外,這4種木本植物均可作為銻汙染地區植被恢複過程中的先鋒木本植物。
이취춘(Ailanthus altissima)、구수(Broussonetia papyrifera)、대협황양(Buxus megistophylla)화자수괴(Amorpha fruticosa)4충항오염목본식물묘목위재료,재분재조건하설치0、250、500、1000화2000 mg·kg-15개제적질량분수제도,분석협박과정중묘목묘고、지경、생물량、내성지수、상대협록소함량、POD활성화SOD활성등지표적변화,탐토저4충묘목대제협박적생리향응,병통과측정묘목지상、지하부분제적질량분수,명학저궤충식물대제적적루특정,이기위제오염식물수복재료사선제공이론기출。결과표명:재불동질량분수제협박하,4충목본식물적묘고、지경、생물량급내성지수출현불동정도적하강,기중대협황양재불동질량분수제처리하적내성지수균대우90%,표현출대제교강적항성。제대협황양외,재중、중고질량분수(500、1000 mg·kg-1)제처리후,기타3충목본식물협편협록소함량교대조균현저하강。이재고질량분수제협박하,4충목본식물적협록소함량여대조상비균현저하강,표명제능통과영향식물적광합작용래강저저4충목본식물적생물량합성。재중고질량분수제협박하,4충식물근계적POD화SOD활성균정현불동정도적증가;재고질량분수제협박하,취춘、구수화자수괴적POD급SOD활성증가폭도감소혹수도억제,표명항양화매계통재식물저항제협박과정중발휘중요작용,동시고질량분수적제협박우능강저항양화매계통청제활성양적능력。재불동질량분수적제협박하,4충목본식물지상、지하부분제적질량분수존재차이,분별위구수>자수괴>취춘>대협황양,자수괴>구수>취춘>대협황양,표명대협황양가능통과대제교강적배척능력,감소제대협록소합성、POD화SOD활성적억제작용,근이증강료기대제협박적항성。고담식물자수괴근계최대제적질량분수체도418.27 mg·kg-1,차재각질량분수제처리하균구유최대적부집계수BCF,가작위제식물은정적잠력수충。차외,저4충목본식물균가작위제오염지구식피회복과정중적선봉목본식물。
The height, ground diameter, biomass, relative chlorophyll content, tolerance index and the activities of POD and SOD of 4 kinds of antipollution woody plant seedlings of Ailanthus altissima,Broussonetia papyrifera, Buxus megistophylla and Amorpha fruticosa growing on containers with five soil antimony (Sb) mass fraction (0, 250, 500, 1 000 and 2 000 mg·kg-1) were examined to explore the physiological response of these plants to Sb stress. Mass fraction of Sb in both aboveground and underground part of these plants were also measured to understand the accumulation characteristics of these plants under Sb stress. These researches would provide a theoretical foundation to select plant materials for Sb phytoremediation. The result showed that the height, ground diameter,biomass and tolerance index of all these four species decreased with the increase in Sb mass fraction. Except for Buxus megistophylla, the chlorophyll contents of other three species were significantly reduced under middle and upper-middle mass fraction(500, 1 000 mg·kg-1)of Sb stress. However, the chlorophyll contents of all these woody plants were reduced under high mass fraction of Sb stress, indicating that Sb could reduce biomass Synthesis by disturb the photosynthesis of these plants. Under upper-middle mass fraction of Sb stress, the activities of POD and SOD in roots of four woody plants were increased while it were reduced or suppressed in Ailanthus altissima,Broussonetia papyrifera and Amorpha fruticosa under high mass fraction, suggesting that antioxidase enzyme system might play a important role under Sb stress and high mass fraction of Sb stress also reduce the capacities of antioxidase enzymes in scavenging reactive oxygen species. These plants showed different capacities of Sb accumulation both in aboveground and underground parts with the order of Broussonetia papyrifera>Amorpha fruticosa>Ailanthus altissima > Buxus megistophylla and Amorpha fruticosa > Broussonetia papyrifera > Ailanthus altissima > Buxus megistophylla, respectively. The result suggested that the reduction of inhibitory effect of Sb on chlorophyll synthesis, activities of POD and SOD of Buxus megistophylla might be due to its high ability to exclude Sb compared to other three species, which enhanced its resistance to Sb stress. The maximal mass fraction of Sb in root of Amorpha fruticosa was 418.27 mg·kg-1 and possessed the highest BCF under all four mass fractions, which could be a potential tree species for Sb phytostabilization. Moreover, these four woody plants can be used as pioneer woody plants during vegetation restoration in Sb contaminated areas.