CAJ | 학술논문

土壤是陆地生态系统碳储存的重要场所，其养分变化与全球陆地碳循环密切相关。土壤养分是植物生长的重要保证，而土壤各养分之间是紧密联系的。理解土壤养分变化与环境因素的关系有助于更好地了解陆地生态系统碳、氮、磷循环。本研究以东北北部自东向西沿降水量梯度变化纬度带上的温带森林与干草地生态系统为研究对象，利用气象数据和野外土壤实测数据，分析了纬度带上不同植被类型土壤的有机碳、全氮、碳氮比、速效磷的空间分布格局及其与环境因子（年降水量、年均温、土壤pH值）的关系。研究纬度带上降水量自东向西逐渐减少，植被类型从温带森林过渡到干草原，与降水量和植被类型对应，植被生物量也自东向西呈现从高到低的分布梯度。研究结果表明：从整个研究带上来说，降水量与土壤pH值是土壤养分空间分布的决定因素，沿纬度带从东到西，随着降水量逐渐减少，土壤pH值逐渐增加，而土壤有机碳、全氮、碳氮比、速效磷含量逐渐减少。但如果将森林和草地分别讨论则发现，森林和草地生态系统的土壤养分环境控制因素有较大差别。对于草地生态系统而言，降水量和土壤pH值仍然是其土壤养分含量的控制因子，但森林生态系统由于所处区域降水量充足，降水量不再是其土壤养分的控制因子，降水量只与森林土壤碳氮比呈显著正相关。研究还发现森林土壤的速效磷含量与温度呈正相关，与土壤pH值呈负相关，说明温度对东北北部温带森林的土壤养分含量具有一定的控制作用。
토양시륙지생태계통탄저존적중요장소，기양분변화여전구륙지탄순배밀절상관。토양양분시식물생장적중요보증，이토양각양분지간시긴밀련계적。리해토양양분변화여배경인소적관계유조우경호지료해륙지생태계통탄、담、린순배。본연구이동북북부자동향서연강수량제도변화위도대상적온대삼림여간초지생태계통위연구대상，이용기상수거화야외토양실측수거，분석료위도대상불동식피류형토양적유궤탄、전담、탄담비、속효린적공간분포격국급기여배경인자（년강수량、년균온、토양pH치）적관계。연구위도대상강수량자동향서축점감소，식피류형종온대삼림과도도간초원，여강수량화식피류형대응，식피생물량야자동향서정현종고도저적분포제도。연구결과표명：종정개연구대상래설，강수량여토양pH치시토양양분공간분포적결정인소，연위도대종동도서，수착강수량축점감소，토양pH치축점증가，이토양유궤탄、전담、탄담비、속효린함량축점감소。단여과장삼림화초지분별토론칙발현，삼림화초지생태계통적토양양분배경공제인소유교대차별。대우초지생태계통이언，강수량화토양pH치잉연시기토양양분함량적공제인자，단삼림생태계통유우소처구역강수량충족，강수량불재시기토양양분적공제인자，강수량지여삼림토양탄담비정현저정상관。연구환발현삼림토양적속효린함량여온도정정상관，여토양pH치정부상관，설명온도대동북북부온대삼림적토양양분함량구유일정적공제작용。
Soil carbon (C) pools contribute to a large part of carbon sequestrated by terrestrial ecosystems. Little changes in soil carbon pools are directly relevant to dynamics of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Additionally, soil nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) are important nutrient elements for plant growth. Nutrient cycles of these elements are inter-connected. Therefore, knowledge on soil nutrient condition and their correlations with environmental condition across ecosystems are crucial for better understanding their dynamics in the face of environmental changes. Soil C, N and available P contents were investigated in steppe and temperate forest ecosystems along precipitation gradient from east to west in the northeastern region. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships between nutrient element contents and environmental factors, such as annual precipitation, mean annual temperature and soil pH. Which may provides fundamental data for studying global carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles and assessing of ecosystem carbon budget. Our results showed soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio and available phosphorus contents decreased across forest and grass ecosystems from east to west. Precipitation decreased gradually, but soil pH increased along this direction. By internal analysis of grassland ecosystem, we also found precipitation and soil pH are the main factors controlling spatial distribution of soil nutrients along the latitude. In addition, precipitation and soil pH are also important factors influencing SOC, TN, and available phosphorus contents within grass ecosystems. However, the relationship between nutrient and the environmental factors of the forest soil are complex, in forest ecosystems there is no significant correlation of soil nutrient element contents with precipitation or soil pH with the exception of significant positive correlation between C/N ratio and precipitation. Besides, available phosphorus content was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with soil pH in forest ecosystems.