生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
8期
1272-1279
,共8页
姜懿珊%肖静%罗春玲%李军%张干
薑懿珊%肖靜%囉春玲%李軍%張榦
강의산%초정%라춘령%리군%장간
磷脂脂肪酸%森林土壤%微生物群落结构%平顶山%长白山%赛罕乌拉
燐脂脂肪痠%森林土壤%微生物群落結構%平頂山%長白山%賽罕烏拉
린지지방산%삼림토양%미생물군락결구%평정산%장백산%새한오랍
phospholipid fatty acid%forest soil%microbial community structure%Pingding Mountain%Changbai Mountain%Sahanwula Mountain
土壤微生物是整个生态系统养分和能源循环的关键和动力。土壤的生物多样性比陆地上其他任何生态系统都要丰富,这种丰富的生物多样性导致了对其群落结构和生态功能难以预测。在一系列基于分子微生物学、生物地球化学和生理学的土壤微生物群落结构研究方法中,磷脂脂肪酸技术(PLFA)以磷脂作为分析成分,因其组成和含量在同一种微生物中通常相对稳定、可遗传,且具有仅在活体微生物中存在的特性,所以,PLFA技术可指示特定生物或生物种群的存在和状况,现已被广泛运用于土壤微生物群落结构分析中,监测微生物群落的动态变化。本研究选取了中国东北地区海拔高度达1000 m以上的典型森林生态系统:小兴安岭平顶山、吉林长白山、内蒙赛罕乌拉森林土壤为研究对象,采用PLFA方法,分析了土壤中微生物的生物量和细菌Bacteria、真菌Fungus、革兰氏阳性菌Gram+Bacteria和革兰氏阴性菌Gram-Bacteria 4种微生物群落结构。在此基础上使用相关分析、主成分分析等统计方法,揭示了土壤微生物群落结构与海拔高度、森林类型及其土壤理化因子的相互关系,为开展森林生态系统生物多样性与元素循环和气候变化的相关研究提供基础资料。研究得出以下结论:(1)对我国平顶山、长白山和赛罕乌拉背景森林中不同植被类型12个土壤样品的现场测定与采样分析,结果表明,土壤总有机碳(TOC)范围为3.15%~16.3%,pH值范围为3.5~4.8,碳氮比(C/N)为12.1~18.4,土壤含水率范围为13.3%~74.5%,采样时土壤温度为8.0~18.8°C。(2)样品的PLFAs总含量代表了土壤微生物总生物量,范围为27.39~237.63μg·g-1。赛罕乌拉土壤中微生物的生物量(PLFAs总量)最高;而平顶山土壤中的细菌含量、真菌含量和革兰氏阳性菌显著高于其余两座山。革兰氏阳性菌与阴性菌的比值在平顶山土壤中最大(4.19),明显高于长白山(3.14)和赛罕乌拉(2.39);而真菌与细菌比值却与之相反(平顶山0.55、长白山0.69、赛罕乌拉1.05)。(3)利用SPSS软件,对不同微生物群落与环境因子进行相关分析,结果表明:细菌的含量与纬度呈显著正相关,而和土壤C/N呈显著负相关(P<0.01);真菌群落总体上与土壤C/N呈现负相关性(P<0.05)。进一步对细菌群落和代表真菌群落的两个主要PLFAs成分(C18:1ω9、C18:2ω6,9)与土壤碳氮比做相关分析发现:C18:1与土壤碳氮比呈现显著负相关(P<0.01),而C18:2ω6,9与土壤碳氮比的相关关系并不明显。因此,我们认为单一种类PLFA作为生物标记物随土壤碳氮比变化的灵敏度更高。(4)主成分分析表明:土壤微生物多样性主要受纬度所导致植被类型差异的影响(P<0.01),且与土壤碳氮比呈负相关、土壤含水率呈正相关(P<0.05)。
土壤微生物是整箇生態繫統養分和能源循環的關鍵和動力。土壤的生物多樣性比陸地上其他任何生態繫統都要豐富,這種豐富的生物多樣性導緻瞭對其群落結構和生態功能難以預測。在一繫列基于分子微生物學、生物地毬化學和生理學的土壤微生物群落結構研究方法中,燐脂脂肪痠技術(PLFA)以燐脂作為分析成分,因其組成和含量在同一種微生物中通常相對穩定、可遺傳,且具有僅在活體微生物中存在的特性,所以,PLFA技術可指示特定生物或生物種群的存在和狀況,現已被廣汎運用于土壤微生物群落結構分析中,鑑測微生物群落的動態變化。本研究選取瞭中國東北地區海拔高度達1000 m以上的典型森林生態繫統:小興安嶺平頂山、吉林長白山、內矇賽罕烏拉森林土壤為研究對象,採用PLFA方法,分析瞭土壤中微生物的生物量和細菌Bacteria、真菌Fungus、革蘭氏暘性菌Gram+Bacteria和革蘭氏陰性菌Gram-Bacteria 4種微生物群落結構。在此基礎上使用相關分析、主成分分析等統計方法,揭示瞭土壤微生物群落結構與海拔高度、森林類型及其土壤理化因子的相互關繫,為開展森林生態繫統生物多樣性與元素循環和氣候變化的相關研究提供基礎資料。研究得齣以下結論:(1)對我國平頂山、長白山和賽罕烏拉揹景森林中不同植被類型12箇土壤樣品的現場測定與採樣分析,結果錶明,土壤總有機碳(TOC)範圍為3.15%~16.3%,pH值範圍為3.5~4.8,碳氮比(C/N)為12.1~18.4,土壤含水率範圍為13.3%~74.5%,採樣時土壤溫度為8.0~18.8°C。(2)樣品的PLFAs總含量代錶瞭土壤微生物總生物量,範圍為27.39~237.63μg·g-1。賽罕烏拉土壤中微生物的生物量(PLFAs總量)最高;而平頂山土壤中的細菌含量、真菌含量和革蘭氏暘性菌顯著高于其餘兩座山。革蘭氏暘性菌與陰性菌的比值在平頂山土壤中最大(4.19),明顯高于長白山(3.14)和賽罕烏拉(2.39);而真菌與細菌比值卻與之相反(平頂山0.55、長白山0.69、賽罕烏拉1.05)。(3)利用SPSS軟件,對不同微生物群落與環境因子進行相關分析,結果錶明:細菌的含量與緯度呈顯著正相關,而和土壤C/N呈顯著負相關(P<0.01);真菌群落總體上與土壤C/N呈現負相關性(P<0.05)。進一步對細菌群落和代錶真菌群落的兩箇主要PLFAs成分(C18:1ω9、C18:2ω6,9)與土壤碳氮比做相關分析髮現:C18:1與土壤碳氮比呈現顯著負相關(P<0.01),而C18:2ω6,9與土壤碳氮比的相關關繫併不明顯。因此,我們認為單一種類PLFA作為生物標記物隨土壤碳氮比變化的靈敏度更高。(4)主成分分析錶明:土壤微生物多樣性主要受緯度所導緻植被類型差異的影響(P<0.01),且與土壤碳氮比呈負相關、土壤含水率呈正相關(P<0.05)。
토양미생물시정개생태계통양분화능원순배적관건화동력。토양적생물다양성비륙지상기타임하생태계통도요봉부,저충봉부적생물다양성도치료대기군락결구화생태공능난이예측。재일계렬기우분자미생물학、생물지구화학화생이학적토양미생물군락결구연구방법중,린지지방산기술(PLFA)이린지작위분석성분,인기조성화함량재동일충미생물중통상상대은정、가유전,차구유부재활체미생물중존재적특성,소이,PLFA기술가지시특정생물혹생물충군적존재화상황,현이피엄범운용우토양미생물군락결구분석중,감측미생물군락적동태변화。본연구선취료중국동북지구해발고도체1000 m이상적전형삼림생태계통:소흥안령평정산、길림장백산、내몽새한오랍삼림토양위연구대상,채용PLFA방법,분석료토양중미생물적생물량화세균Bacteria、진균Fungus、혁란씨양성균Gram+Bacteria화혁란씨음성균Gram-Bacteria 4충미생물군락결구。재차기출상사용상관분석、주성분분석등통계방법,게시료토양미생물군락결구여해발고도、삼림류형급기토양이화인자적상호관계,위개전삼림생태계통생물다양성여원소순배화기후변화적상관연구제공기출자료。연구득출이하결론:(1)대아국평정산、장백산화새한오랍배경삼림중불동식피류형12개토양양품적현장측정여채양분석,결과표명,토양총유궤탄(TOC)범위위3.15%~16.3%,pH치범위위3.5~4.8,탄담비(C/N)위12.1~18.4,토양함수솔범위위13.3%~74.5%,채양시토양온도위8.0~18.8°C。(2)양품적PLFAs총함량대표료토양미생물총생물량,범위위27.39~237.63μg·g-1。새한오랍토양중미생물적생물량(PLFAs총량)최고;이평정산토양중적세균함량、진균함량화혁란씨양성균현저고우기여량좌산。혁란씨양성균여음성균적비치재평정산토양중최대(4.19),명현고우장백산(3.14)화새한오랍(2.39);이진균여세균비치각여지상반(평정산0.55、장백산0.69、새한오랍1.05)。(3)이용SPSS연건,대불동미생물군락여배경인자진행상관분석,결과표명:세균적함량여위도정현저정상관,이화토양C/N정현저부상관(P<0.01);진균군락총체상여토양C/N정현부상관성(P<0.05)。진일보대세균군락화대표진균군락적량개주요PLFAs성분(C18:1ω9、C18:2ω6,9)여토양탄담비주상관분석발현:C18:1여토양탄담비정현현저부상관(P<0.01),이C18:2ω6,9여토양탄담비적상관관계병불명현。인차,아문인위단일충류PLFA작위생물표기물수토양탄담비변화적령민도경고。(4)주성분분석표명:토양미생물다양성주요수위도소도치식피류형차이적영향(P<0.01),차여토양탄담비정부상관、토양함수솔정정상관(P<0.05)。
Soil microbes is the key and motivation of nutrient and energy cycling in terrestrial ecosystem. It is hard to evaluate the community structure and ecological functions of soil ecosystem for its abundant diversity. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA), a relatively stable and heritable biomarker of live microorganism, which can be used to indicate the exist and situation of specific organism or population, has been widely used in elucidating the dynamic change of microbial community in soil. The present study evaluated soil microbial biomass, Bacteria, Fungus, Gram+ Bacteria and Gram- Bacteria composition in typical forest soils of Chinese northeast area (including Pingding Mountain, Changbai Mountain and Saihanwula Mountain) with the analysis of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA). Furthermore, we investigated how the forest soil microbial absolute content and distribution change with various environmental factors. The major conclusions are as follows:(1)A total of 12 soil samples of different vegetation types from Pingding Mountain, Changbai Mountain and Saihanwula Mountain background forests were analyzed for PLFAs, C/N, TOC, and pH, following the field test of their environmental factors such as soil temperature and moisture. The results showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 3.15%~16.3%, the carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) ranged from 12.1~18.4, the pH value ranged from 3.5~4.8, the moisture content ranged from 13.3%~74.5%and the soil temperature while sampling was 8.0~18.8 °C, respectively. (2)The total PLFAs content represents the biomass of soil microbes, which was in the range of 27.39~237.63 μg·g-1. Soil microbial biomass in Saihanwula Moutain was highest among the three mountains, while the contents of bacteria, fungi and G+-bacteria in Pingding Moutain were significantly higher than the other two mountains. The ratio of G+-bacteria to G--bacteria (G+/G-) in Pingding Mountain (4.19) was also higher than Changbai Mountain (3.14) and Sahanwula Mountain (2.39). On the contrary, the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B) was totally different from G+/G-with Saihanwula Moutain (1.05) being the highest, followed by Changbai Mountain (0.69) and Pingding Mountain (0.55). (3)We examined the correlation between different microbial communities and environmental factors using SPSS software. The results showed that the content of bacteria in forest soil significantly correlated with latitude and C/N (P<0.01);fungi were negatively correlated with C/N (P<0.05) generally. Further correlated analysis between two main PLFAs representing fungi (C18:1ω9、C18:2ω6,9) with C/N demonstrated that C18:1ω9 was significantly correlated with C/N (P<0.01), whereas C18:2ω6,9 was not significantly correlated with C/N. Therefore, the single PLFA as biomarker is probably more sensitive to the change of C/N. (4)The principal components analysis indicated that the soil biodiversity was determined by the vegetation types (P<0.01), and it was influenced by soil C/N and soil moisture content as well (P<0.05).