生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
8期
1258-1264
,共7页
薇甘菊%比叶面积%叶干物质比例%茎干物质比例%繁殖分配
薇甘菊%比葉麵積%葉榦物質比例%莖榦物質比例%繁殖分配
미감국%비협면적%협간물질비례%경간물질비례%번식분배
Mikania micrantha H.B.Kunth%specific leaf area%leaf mass fraction%stem mass fraction%reproductive allocation
薇甘菊(MikaniamicranthaH.B.Kunth)为世界上最具有入侵性和危害性的外来入侵物种之一，对其控制与管理已成为长期以来世界性难题。了解入侵植物薇甘菊在异质环境下的适应性与繁殖特性对安全有效预警、监测和防治该入侵物种具有重要意义。本文于薇甘菊盛花期，根据薇甘菊入侵生境的光照条件、群落结构和生长方式差异，在薇甘菊常见的4种入侵生境（林地、荒地、农田和和河边）选取10个样地，调查研究了不同生境条件下薇甘菊的开花结实和繁殖分配，并运用植物叶片功能性状的研究方法研究了不同生境条件下薇甘菊的比叶面积(SLA)、叶干物质比例(LMF)和茎干物质比例(SMF)的3种叶片功能性状。研究结果表明，生境条件对薇甘菊的开花结实和繁殖分配具有显著影响。其中抛荒农田（样地Ⅷ）和河流边缘（样地Ⅸ和Ⅹ）薇甘菊的总花数、种子量、生殖枝茎生物量分配和花生物量分配均显著大于其他生境，显示在有利于其生长的条件下，薇甘菊种群倾向于有性繁殖；而在不利于薇甘菊生长的低光照林地（样地Ⅰ）和种间竞争强的农田红薯地（样地Ⅵ）生境条件下，薇甘菊的总花数和种子量明显小于其他生境，但营养枝叶生物量分配显著大于其他样地，而茎生物量分配值则处于中间值，表明在不利于其生长的生境条件下，薇甘菊通过提高营养枝茎的生物量分配和叶的生物量分配来适应，其种群则更倾向于克隆繁殖。通过分析不同生境条件下薇甘菊的叶片功能性状，结果表明，在不利于薇甘菊生长的低光照林地（样地Ⅰ）和种间竞争强的农田红薯地（样地Ⅵ）生境条件下，薇甘菊的叶面积和茎干物质比例(SMF)显著小于其他样地，且彼此差异不显著；但比叶面积(SLA)和叶干物质比例(LMF)则显著大于其他样地，显示薇甘菊可通过提高比叶面积(SLA)和叶干物质比例(LMF)，降低茎干物质比例(SMF)来适应低光照和种间强竞争等不利生境；而在抛荒农田（样地Ⅷ）和河流边缘（样地Ⅸ和Ⅹ）有利于其生长的生境条件下，薇甘菊则通过相反的策略来适应环境。以上结果表明薇甘菊通过调节各功能性状之间的权衡来适应环境，对异质环境条件具有不同的生长与繁殖适应对策，具有强的生态适应性。
薇甘菊(MikaniamicranthaH.B.Kunth)為世界上最具有入侵性和危害性的外來入侵物種之一，對其控製與管理已成為長期以來世界性難題。瞭解入侵植物薇甘菊在異質環境下的適應性與繁殖特性對安全有效預警、鑑測和防治該入侵物種具有重要意義。本文于薇甘菊盛花期，根據薇甘菊入侵生境的光照條件、群落結構和生長方式差異，在薇甘菊常見的4種入侵生境（林地、荒地、農田和和河邊）選取10箇樣地，調查研究瞭不同生境條件下薇甘菊的開花結實和繁殖分配，併運用植物葉片功能性狀的研究方法研究瞭不同生境條件下薇甘菊的比葉麵積(SLA)、葉榦物質比例(LMF)和莖榦物質比例(SMF)的3種葉片功能性狀。研究結果錶明，生境條件對薇甘菊的開花結實和繁殖分配具有顯著影響。其中拋荒農田（樣地Ⅷ）和河流邊緣（樣地Ⅸ和Ⅹ）薇甘菊的總花數、種子量、生殖枝莖生物量分配和花生物量分配均顯著大于其他生境，顯示在有利于其生長的條件下，薇甘菊種群傾嚮于有性繁殖；而在不利于薇甘菊生長的低光照林地（樣地Ⅰ）和種間競爭彊的農田紅藷地（樣地Ⅵ）生境條件下，薇甘菊的總花數和種子量明顯小于其他生境，但營養枝葉生物量分配顯著大于其他樣地，而莖生物量分配值則處于中間值，錶明在不利于其生長的生境條件下，薇甘菊通過提高營養枝莖的生物量分配和葉的生物量分配來適應，其種群則更傾嚮于剋隆繁殖。通過分析不同生境條件下薇甘菊的葉片功能性狀，結果錶明，在不利于薇甘菊生長的低光照林地（樣地Ⅰ）和種間競爭彊的農田紅藷地（樣地Ⅵ）生境條件下，薇甘菊的葉麵積和莖榦物質比例(SMF)顯著小于其他樣地，且彼此差異不顯著；但比葉麵積(SLA)和葉榦物質比例(LMF)則顯著大于其他樣地，顯示薇甘菊可通過提高比葉麵積(SLA)和葉榦物質比例(LMF)，降低莖榦物質比例(SMF)來適應低光照和種間彊競爭等不利生境；而在拋荒農田（樣地Ⅷ）和河流邊緣（樣地Ⅸ和Ⅹ）有利于其生長的生境條件下，薇甘菊則通過相反的策略來適應環境。以上結果錶明薇甘菊通過調節各功能性狀之間的權衡來適應環境，對異質環境條件具有不同的生長與繁殖適應對策，具有彊的生態適應性。
미감국(MikaniamicranthaH.B.Kunth)위세계상최구유입침성화위해성적외래입침물충지일，대기공제여관리이성위장기이래세계성난제。료해입침식물미감국재이질배경하적괄응성여번식특성대안전유효예경、감측화방치해입침물충구유중요의의。본문우미감국성화기，근거미감국입침생경적광조조건、군락결구화생장방식차이，재미감국상견적4충입침생경（임지、황지、농전화화하변）선취10개양지，조사연구료불동생경조건하미감국적개화결실화번식분배，병운용식물협편공능성상적연구방법연구료불동생경조건하미감국적비협면적(SLA)、협간물질비례(LMF)화경간물질비례(SMF)적3충협편공능성상。연구결과표명，생경조건대미감국적개화결실화번식분배구유현저영향。기중포황농전（양지Ⅷ）화하류변연（양지Ⅸ화Ⅹ）미감국적총화수、충자량、생식지경생물량분배화화생물량분배균현저대우기타생경，현시재유리우기생장적조건하，미감국충군경향우유성번식；이재불리우미감국생장적저광조임지（양지Ⅰ）화충간경쟁강적농전홍서지（양지Ⅵ）생경조건하，미감국적총화수화충자량명현소우기타생경，단영양지협생물량분배현저대우기타양지，이경생물량분배치칙처우중간치，표명재불리우기생장적생경조건하，미감국통과제고영양지경적생물량분배화협적생물량분배래괄응，기충군칙경경향우극륭번식。통과분석불동생경조건하미감국적협편공능성상，결과표명，재불리우미감국생장적저광조임지（양지Ⅰ）화충간경쟁강적농전홍서지（양지Ⅵ）생경조건하，미감국적협면적화경간물질비례(SMF)현저소우기타양지，차피차차이불현저；단비협면적(SLA)화협간물질비례(LMF)칙현저대우기타양지，현시미감국가통과제고비협면적(SLA)화협간물질비례(LMF)，강저경간물질비례(SMF)래괄응저광조화충간강경쟁등불리생경；이재포황농전（양지Ⅷ）화하류변연（양지Ⅸ화Ⅹ）유리우기생장적생경조건하，미감국칙통과상반적책략래괄응배경。이상결과표명미감국통과조절각공능성상지간적권형래괄응배경，대이질배경조건구유불동적생장여번식괄응대책，구유강적생태괄응성。
Mikania micrantha H.B.K is considered one of the world’s most invasive and destructive species, and its control and management has become a difficult problem in the world. Currently, many domestic and foreign research showed that invasive alien plants has stronger adaptation ability to the heterogeneous environment than native species. Research on adaptability and reproductive characteristics under different habitats has provided the scientific ways for implement effective monitoring, early-warning and control of M. micrantha. In this paper, we selected the 10 habitats which represented 4 population (woodland, wasteland, farmland and riverside) in full-bloom stage of M. micrantha, sexual reproduction, reproductive allocation and the major functional traits of specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass fraction (LMF), specific stem density (SSD) and stem mass fraction (SMF) on M. micrantha under different habitats were measured. The results showed sexual reproduction and reproductive allocation were effected significantly of different habitats of M. micrantha. Total flower number, seed number, biomass allocation of stem of reproductive shoots and flower of barren field (plot Ⅷ) and riverside (plots Ⅸ and Ⅹ) were significantly higher than other plots, populations tend to sexual reproduction. However, the total flower number and seed number were decreased significantly, but the nutrition branches and leaf biomass allocation were significantly larger than the other plots, and the value of stem biomass allocation is in the middle of the range when the population of invasive alien species M. micrantha in unfavorable light condition (such as sample I) and community structure(such as sample VI). Which showed to adapt the adverse habitats (such as sample I, IV, VI), invasive alien species M. micrantha enhanced the biomass allocation of stem on vegetative shoot and leaves, the population was more inclined to clonal propagation. there were also significant differences among varied habitats in functional traits. In the low light (plotⅠ) and strongly interspecific competition (plotⅥ), leaf area and SMF were lowest than others, but showed no significant difference of each other, but SLA and LMF were significantly greater than the others. Invasive alien species M. micrantha adapt to the stress habitat (such as low light, drought and interspecific competition) by increasing SLA and LMF and decreasing leaf area and SMF, but using opposite strategy to adapt to the favorable habitat. Our study suggests that invasive alien species M. micrantha using different reproductive strategies, such as changes the value of different functional traits, to adapt to environmental.
