CAJ | 학술논문

本文研究了单个承运商和两个货运代理在双向港口间提供往返货运服务的航运服务链。由于港口间货运需求的内在不平衡，货运公司在多港口间的空箱调运会产生巨大的空箱调运费用。分别构建了承运商承担和承运商与货运代理共同承担空箱调运的数学模型，通过数学模型和数值算例分析了不同市场条件下的空箱调运责任和运力定价策略。研究发现承运商和货运代理是否采用定价策略来平衡需求取决于双向港口间货运市场的潜在需求差异。同时，承运商与货运代理的空箱调运分摊为非此即彼策略，当空箱调运成本大于某阈值时，承运商独自承担空箱调运责任；反之，货运代理承担空箱调运责任。而且货运代理承担模式增加整个海运链的利润，但进一步加剧空箱的不平衡状况。
본문연구료단개승운상화량개화운대리재쌍향항구간제공왕반화운복무적항운복무련。유우항구간화운수구적내재불평형，화운공사재다항구간적공상조운회산생거대적공상조운비용。분별구건료승운상승담화승운상여화운대리공동승담공상조운적수학모형，통과수학모형화수치산례분석료불동시장조건하적공상조운책임화운력정개책략。연구발현승운상화화운대리시부채용정개책략래평형수구취결우쌍향항구간화운시장적잠재수구차이。동시，승운상여화운대리적공상조운분탄위비차즉피책략，당공상조운성본대우모역치시，승운상독자승담공상조운책임；반지，화운대리승담공상조운책임。이차화운대리승담모식증가정개해운련적리윤，단진일보가극공상적불평형상황。
This paper studies a sea-cargo service chain with one carrier and two forwarders providing transporta-tion service between two bidirectional ports .To sustain the business , firms have to reposition empty container from a surplus port to a shortage port and incur repositioning cost if the realized demands are unbalanced .We build a stackelberg game model in two cases:empty container repositioning responsibility of the carrier and one forwarder , and analyze the optimal capacity pricing policies and empty container repositioning decisions of the carrier and forwarders .Through model analysis and simulation , it is found that whether the carrier and forwarders employ capacity pricing policy to balance the cargo demands depends on the potential demand imbalance between the bidirectional ports .When the repositioning cost is above a threshold , the carrier bears all the repositioning cost.Otherwise, the forwarder solely bears the repositioning cost .And in the latter case, the optimal capacity pricing policy will aggravate the potential imbalance between the two ports , which will increase the value of the whole supply chain .