CAJ | 학술논문

目的：调查大连市1463名在校初中生的自伤发生率及其相关危险因素。方法以符合CCMD-3蓄意自我伤害诊断标准的75名初中生为研究组（自伤组），匹配正常者为对照组。方法采用一般问卷、青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、父母养育方式评价量表（EMBU）和应付方式问卷（CSA）进行调查。结果自伤检出率为5．4％，其中男生2．8％，女生2．6％，性别间差异无显著性意义（χ2＝1．636， P＝0．441）。13岁为蓄意自伤高发年龄，各年龄组间差异明显（χ2＝20．827， P＝0．000）。 ASLEC量表中的人际关系、学习压力因子，组间差异明显（ t1-2＝2．082，4．033；P1-2＝0．039，0．000），“学习压力”是初中生主要压力源；EMBU量表中父母“情感温暖”在自伤组得分显著低于正常组（父亲t＝-3．839， P＝0．000；母亲t＝-4．007， P＝0．000）；CSA量表的自责、退避、幻想因子分组间差异显著（自责t＝3，577，P＝0．000；退避t＝4．294， P＝0．000；幻想t＝2．589， P＝0．011）。二元Logistic回归分析揭示初中生自伤行为危险因素包括：自责、退避、合理化、学习压力和被惩罚；自伤行为的危险因素存在性别差异。结论初中生自伤行为发生率较高，主要危险因素是学习压力、父母关爱不足、人际交往问题。
목적：조사대련시1463명재교초중생적자상발생솔급기상관위험인소。방법이부합CCMD-3축의자아상해진단표준적75명초중생위연구조（자상조），필배정상자위대조조。방법채용일반문권、청소년생활사건량표（ASLEC）、부모양육방식평개량표（EMBU）화응부방식문권（CSA）진행조사。결과자상검출솔위5．4％，기중남생2．8％，녀생2．6％，성별간차이무현저성의의（χ2＝1．636， P＝0．441）。13세위축의자상고발년령，각년령조간차이명현（χ2＝20．827， P＝0．000）。 ASLEC량표중적인제관계、학습압력인자，조간차이명현（ t1-2＝2．082，4．033；P1-2＝0．039，0．000），“학습압력”시초중생주요압력원；EMBU량표중부모“정감온난”재자상조득분현저저우정상조（부친t＝-3．839， P＝0．000；모친t＝-4．007， P＝0．000）；CSA량표적자책、퇴피、환상인자분조간차이현저（자책t＝3，577，P＝0．000；퇴피t＝4．294， P＝0．000；환상t＝2．589， P＝0．011）。이원Logistic회귀분석게시초중생자상행위위험인소포괄：자책、퇴피、합이화、학습압력화피징벌；자상행위적위험인소존재성별차이。결론초중생자상행위발생솔교고，주요위험인소시학습압력、부모관애불족、인제교왕문제。
Objective To investigate self-harm incidence and risk factors in junior high school students in Dalian city . Methods 75 junior high school students , who met the DSH diagnosis standards of CCMD -3, were recruited in the study group.Control group included matched normal students .The study used General Screening Questionnaire , Adolescent Life Event Scale (ASLEC), EMBU (Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran ) and Coping Style Questionnaire (CSA).Re-sults The rate of self-harm behavior was 5.4%in the junior high school students with 2.8%in boys and 2.6%in girls. There was no significant difference between genders (χ2 =1.636, P=0.441).In all subjects, 13 year-old was the high-est danger age for self -harm behavior.There was significant difference among different age (χ2 =20.827,P=0.000).In the ASLEC scale score, there were significant differences on interpersonal relations'and study pressure'(t1-2 =2.082, 4.033;P1-2 =0.039, 0.000).In EMBU questionnaire, parent's Emotional Warmth'was the major risk factor and was signif-icantly lower in the self-harm group (Father t=-3.839, P=0.000 and Mother t=-4.007, P=0.000).In the CSA, significant differences were found among Self -accusation, Retreat, and Fantasy factors (Self-accusation t=3.577, P=0.000;Retreat t=4.294, P=0.000;Fantasy t=2.589, P=0.011).Binary Logistic regression analysis revealed 5 risk factors for self-harm including Self -accusation, Retreat, Rationalization, Study pressure and punishment .Gender differ-ence was observed in the risk factors .Conclusion Self-harm behavior often occurs in junior high school students .The main risks include study pressure , lack of parent's warmth, and interpersonal relation problems .