CAJ | 학술논문

骨科生物力学研究的测量方法学专家共识
골과생물역학연구적측량방법학전가공식
Expert consensus about the methodology of bone biomechanical measurement

万方数据

中国骨质疏松杂志中國骨質疏鬆雜誌 중국골질소송잡지
CHINESE JOURNAL OF OSTEOPOROSIS
2014年 9期 1039-1054 ,共16页

马信龙%马剑雄%徐卫国%杨阳%徐斌%王杰%徐立岩%贾浩波%冯睿%虞惊涛%邢丹%马宝意%陈阳%朱少文%王颖

마신룡%마검웅%서위국%양양%서빈%왕걸%서립암%가호파%풍예%우량도%형단%마보의%진양%주소문%왕영

骨科%生物力学%测量方法%指南骨科%生物力學%測量方法%指南
골과%생물역학%측량방법%지남
Orthopedic%Biomechanics%Method of measurement%Guideline

骨科生物力学是以骨骼肌肉系统为对象，利用生物力学的方法将工程原理，尤其是机械力学原理应用于临床医学来解决骨科所遇到的问题的一门生物力学领域中相当重要的分支学科。骨科生物力学研究中常通过测试和测量骨、骨骼肌、肌腱和韧带、关节、脊柱等骨骼肌肉系统的力学特性参数，对标本进行综合评价。骨科生物力学测试测量方法包括机械测试方法、接触式测量方法以及非接触式测量方法。机械测试方法包括拉压试验、弯曲试验、扭转试验、纯剪切试验、疲劳试验、拔出试验、阻力矩试验、微力学试验等。接触式力学测量方法包括电阻应变测量方法、硬度测试方法等。非接触式力学测量方法包括光测法、声测法以及磁测法等。此外，还有计算机三维图像重建和有限元分析方法、分子生物力学研究方法以及三维捕捉和步态分析方法。上述方法在骨科生物力学研究的测试和测量中有各自的应用范围以及各自的优点以及不足。本文通过对这些方法的原理、应用范围以及优缺点的介绍，给相关领域研究者们提供方法学的指引，以便于在骨科生物力学研究中选择合适的测量方法。
골과생물역학시이골격기육계통위대상，이용생물역학적방법장공정원리，우기시궤계역학원리응용우림상의학래해결골과소우도적문제적일문생물역학영역중상당중요적분지학과。골과생물역학연구중상통과측시화측량골、골격기、기건화인대、관절、척주등골격기육계통적역학특성삼수，대표본진행종합평개。골과생물역학측시측량방법포괄궤계측시방법、접촉식측량방법이급비접촉식측량방법。궤계측시방법포괄랍압시험、만곡시험、뉴전시험、순전절시험、피로시험、발출시험、조력구시험、미역학시험등。접촉식역학측량방법포괄전조응변측량방법、경도측시방법등。비접촉식역학측량방법포괄광측법、성측법이급자측법등。차외，환유계산궤삼유도상중건화유한원분석방법、분자생물역학연구방법이급삼유포착화보태분석방법。상술방법재골과생물역학연구적측시화측량중유각자적응용범위이급각자적우점이급불족。본문통과대저사방법적원리、응용범위이급우결점적개소，급상관영역연구자문제공방법학적지인，이편우재골과생물역학연구중선택합괄적측량방법。
As an important branch of biomechanics, bone biomechanics, which applies the engineering principle especially the mechanical principle to clinical medicine, aims at solving orthopedic problems about musculoskeletal system by utilizing biomechanical methods.In order to evaluate the mechanical property of the sample comprehensively, the bone biomechanical research mainly tests and measures the mechanical property of musculoskeletal system, including the bone, the skeletal muscle, the tendon, the ligament, the joint, and the spine.The methodology of the bone biomechanics consists of the mechanical test, the contacting measurement, and the non-contacting measurement.The mechanical test includes compression test, tensile test, bending test, torsion test, pure shear test, fatigue test, pull-out test, torque test, and micromechanical test, etc. The contacting measurement includes resistance strain gauge technique and hardness test.The non-contact measurement includes optical method, acoustic method, and magnetic method.In addition, other methods such as computerized three-dimensional reconstruction and finite element analysis, molecular biological method, and three-dimensional capture and gait analysis are also included.The methods mentioned above have their own range of application, advantages, and limitations in the bone biomechanical research.This article provides the guidelines of methodology in the field of bone biomechanics by introducing principles, ranges of application, advantages, and limitations, which may benefit for researchers to select suitable methods in the study.