廊坊师范学院学报（社会科学版）
廊坊師範學院學報（社會科學版）
랑방사범학원학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF LANGFANG TEACHERS COLLEGE（SOCIAL SCENCES EDITION）
2014年
5期
51-57
,共7页
范文澜%钱穆%《中国通史简编》%《国史大纲》
範文瀾%錢穆%《中國通史簡編》%《國史大綱》
범문란%전목%《중국통사간편》%《국사대강》
Fan Wenlan%Qian Mu%Compendium of Chinese History%Outline of Chinese History
范文澜《中国通史简编》、钱穆《国史大纲》在有关中国历史发展进程、动因、主体等问题上，表现出了不同甚至对立的观点，代表了20世纪三四十年代关于中国历史的两种不同认识。《中国通史简编》强调经济基础在历史发展中的决定作用，认为人民群众的革命斗争是历史发展的直接推动力，而中国历史在这两股力量的推动下不断从低级社会形态向高级社会形态发展，合乎人类历史发展的一般规律。《国史大纲》则力图证明中国历史是在民族文化与民族精神的推动下，以士大夫阶层为领导，于和平的环境中以舒齐的步骤不断进步，有异于在斗争中凸显其活力的西方社会。有关中国历史认识的这种差异，一方面反映出其撰述者用以考察中国历史的指导思想有别，另一方面则折射出面对历史巨变人们所采取的应变对策的不同。《中国通史简编》第一次系统地说出了革命者对中国历史的全部看法，而《国史大纲》则更多地代表传统知识分子面对国家民族危机所采取的应变策略。不难看出，人们对历史的认识，不仅受制于其历史观，同时也与其对现实社会的思考和历史前途的憧憬密切相关。
範文瀾《中國通史簡編》、錢穆《國史大綱》在有關中國歷史髮展進程、動因、主體等問題上，錶現齣瞭不同甚至對立的觀點，代錶瞭20世紀三四十年代關于中國歷史的兩種不同認識。《中國通史簡編》彊調經濟基礎在歷史髮展中的決定作用，認為人民群衆的革命鬥爭是歷史髮展的直接推動力，而中國歷史在這兩股力量的推動下不斷從低級社會形態嚮高級社會形態髮展，閤乎人類歷史髮展的一般規律。《國史大綱》則力圖證明中國歷史是在民族文化與民族精神的推動下，以士大伕階層為領導，于和平的環境中以舒齊的步驟不斷進步，有異于在鬥爭中凸顯其活力的西方社會。有關中國歷史認識的這種差異，一方麵反映齣其撰述者用以攷察中國歷史的指導思想有彆，另一方麵則摺射齣麵對歷史巨變人們所採取的應變對策的不同。《中國通史簡編》第一次繫統地說齣瞭革命者對中國歷史的全部看法，而《國史大綱》則更多地代錶傳統知識分子麵對國傢民族危機所採取的應變策略。不難看齣，人們對歷史的認識，不僅受製于其歷史觀，同時也與其對現實社會的思攷和歷史前途的憧憬密切相關。
범문란《중국통사간편》、전목《국사대강》재유관중국역사발전진정、동인、주체등문제상，표현출료불동심지대립적관점，대표료20세기삼사십년대관우중국역사적량충불동인식。《중국통사간편》강조경제기출재역사발전중적결정작용，인위인민군음적혁명두쟁시역사발전적직접추동력，이중국역사재저량고역량적추동하불단종저급사회형태향고급사회형태발전，합호인류역사발전적일반규률。《국사대강》칙력도증명중국역사시재민족문화여민족정신적추동하，이사대부계층위령도，우화평적배경중이서제적보취불단진보，유이우재두쟁중철현기활력적서방사회。유관중국역사인식적저충차이，일방면반영출기찬술자용이고찰중국역사적지도사상유별，령일방면칙절사출면대역사거변인문소채취적응변대책적불동。《중국통사간편》제일차계통지설출료혁명자대중국역사적전부간법，이《국사대강》칙경다지대표전통지식분자면대국가민족위궤소채취적응변책략。불난간출，인문대역사적인식，불부수제우기역사관，동시야여기대현실사회적사고화역사전도적동경밀절상관。
Both Fan Wenlan's Compendium of Chinese History and Qian Mu's Outline of Chinese History show different and even opposing views on the Chinese historical development, motivation, subjects, and other issues, representing two different understandings of Chinese history in the 1930s and 1940s. The former emphasizes that the economic basis plays a decisive role in historical develop-ment. The people's revolutionary struggle is the direct driving force of historical development, and Chinese history will constantly develop from the lower form of social development to the higher under the impetus of these two forces, in line with the general law of development of human history. The latter is trying to prove that Chinese history is driven by national culture and national spirit, under the leadership of the literati class, in a peaceful environment with steady progress, which is different from the Western society that highlights its vitality in the struggle. This difference about the perception of Chinese history reflects their different guiding ideologies in the study the China history on the one hand, and different countermeasures of the people in the historical changes on the other. Com-pendium of Chinese History put forward a system of all the revolutionary ideas of Chinese history for the first time;Outline of Chinese History is a representative of the contingency strategy adopted by traditional intellectuals in front of national crises. It is evident that people's understanding of history is not only subject to their historical view, but also closely related to their thinking of the social reality and hope for historical future.
