长沙理工大学学报（社会科学版）
長沙理工大學學報（社會科學版）
장사리공대학학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF CHANGSHA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY(SOCIAL SCIENCE)
2014年
5期
79-84
,共6页
我国%准公共产品%污水处理%运行机制
我國%準公共產品%汙水處理%運行機製
아국%준공공산품%오수처리%운행궤제
China%quasi public goods%sewage treatment%operating mechanism
21世纪以来，我国水资源短缺与污染问题日益严重，水资源产品排他性和竞争性逐渐增强，污水治理压力越来越大。但我国的污水处理运行机制，内部排放方普遍缺少减排节水压力，网管铺设不合理、污水处理综合效率有待提高，水资源循环利用率低；外部缺少健全有效的监督反馈机制，对污水处理相关主体既缺乏激励又缺少约束。因此，重视源头控制和环节协调，对水价、排污权、中水交易、监督收益权等产权进行确权与改革，完善市场竞争机制，建立以第三方为主、多方参与的监督机制和有效的反馈机制，通过内部与外部、市场与政府相结合的双效机制，处理好成本与效益、激励与约束、效率与公平之间的关系，才能从根本上改变我国污水治理的困局。
21世紀以來，我國水資源短缺與汙染問題日益嚴重，水資源產品排他性和競爭性逐漸增彊，汙水治理壓力越來越大。但我國的汙水處理運行機製，內部排放方普遍缺少減排節水壓力，網管鋪設不閤理、汙水處理綜閤效率有待提高，水資源循環利用率低；外部缺少健全有效的鑑督反饋機製，對汙水處理相關主體既缺乏激勵又缺少約束。因此，重視源頭控製和環節協調，對水價、排汙權、中水交易、鑑督收益權等產權進行確權與改革，完善市場競爭機製，建立以第三方為主、多方參與的鑑督機製和有效的反饋機製，通過內部與外部、市場與政府相結閤的雙效機製，處理好成本與效益、激勵與約束、效率與公平之間的關繫，纔能從根本上改變我國汙水治理的睏跼。
21세기이래，아국수자원단결여오염문제일익엄중，수자원산품배타성화경쟁성축점증강，오수치리압력월래월대。단아국적오수처리운행궤제，내부배방방보편결소감배절수압력，망관포설불합리、오수처리종합효솔유대제고，수자원순배이용솔저；외부결소건전유효적감독반궤궤제，대오수처리상관주체기결핍격려우결소약속。인차，중시원두공제화배절협조，대수개、배오권、중수교역、감독수익권등산권진행학권여개혁，완선시장경쟁궤제，건립이제삼방위주、다방삼여적감독궤제화유효적반궤궤제，통과내부여외부、시장여정부상결합적쌍효궤제，처리호성본여효익、격려여약속、효솔여공평지간적관계，재능종근본상개변아국오수치리적곤국。
Since 21th century,the pollution and shortage of water resource in China has been becoming more and more serious.Be-cause of the gradual increase of the exclusiveness and competitiveness increase,the government has much pressure of sewage treat-ment.But now,there are some problems in the sewage treatment system,such as emissions generally without the motivation of wa-ter saving and emission reduction,sewage collection network unreasonably laid,sewage treatment efficiency yet to be improved,low renewable water resources utilization rate supervision and feedback mechanism not so effective that lacking restraint and inspiration on the interest group.In order to solve the water governance dilemma in China fundamentally,it needs to pay more attention to the co-ordination and the link of source control,reform on the price of water,emission rights,recycled water trading,and supervision in-come right,to establish a mature market competition mechanism,and a supervision mechanism with third party and multi partici-pant,at the same time formating a flexible and effective feedback mechanism.It is imperative to handle the incentive and constraint, cost and benefit,and the relation between efficiency and fairness through the double effect mechanism of the combination of internal and external,market and government.
