CAJ | 학술논문

“脱离说”与“意志说”对人体组织法律性质的界定均无法解决遗体组织捐献过程中存在的法律困境。应对人格权进行适度扩张，规定只有在满足如下构成要件的情况下，人体组织才构成物，否则均属于人格权载体：首先，该人体组织需处于已经脱离人身的状态中。其次，自然人有放弃该人体组织作为人身组成部分的明确意思表示，但在该自然人仍然存活，且人体组织对该自然人已不具有任何人身或财产价值的情况下，不具有该意思表示亦可。最后，自然人为无民事行为能力人时得违背第二构成要件，不需要有明确意思表示，但该人体组织对该自然人必须已不具有任何人身或财产价值，同时其直系亲属类监护人须一致同意放弃该人体组织作为人身组成部分。这一构成要件的界定明确了遗体组织捐献时自然人行使人格权和物权处分的界限，亦明确了合法行为与非法行为的界限。
“탈리설”여“의지설”대인체조직법률성질적계정균무법해결유체조직연헌과정중존재적법률곤경。응대인격권진행괄도확장，규정지유재만족여하구성요건적정황하，인체조직재구성물，부칙균속우인격권재체：수선，해인체조직수처우이경탈리인신적상태중。기차，자연인유방기해인체조직작위인신조성부분적명학의사표시，단재해자연인잉연존활，차인체조직대해자연인이불구유임하인신혹재산개치적정황하，불구유해의사표시역가。최후，자연인위무민사행위능력인시득위배제이구성요건，불수요유명학의사표시，단해인체조직대해자연인필수이불구유임하인신혹재산개치，동시기직계친속류감호인수일치동의방기해인체조직작위인신조성부분。저일구성요건적계정명학료유체조직연헌시자연인행사인격권화물권처분적계한，역명학료합법행위여비법행위적계한。
Although“the detachment theory” and“the will theory” define the legal nature of human tissue, neither can solve the law predicament in the process of body donation.The right of personality should be moderately expanded so that human tissue belongs to personality vector, but not matter unless the following elements are satisfied: First of all, the human body tissue is detached from the body state.Secondly, the natural person has given a clear indication of giving up the human tissue as a human body part, or the human tissue has no longer personal or property value to the natural person, though still alive with no clear indication.Finally, the natural person of no capacity for civil conduct, contrary to the second element, does not need to give a clear meaning, but the human tissue must have nothing to do with personal or property value to the natural person, whose immediate family guardians should agree to give up the human tissue as human body part.Such definition of elements clarifies not only the natural person’ s exercising right boundaries between personality and property in the body tissue donation but also legal and illegal behavior.