CAJ | 학술논문

为了解河南省沙颍河流域畜禽养殖业对环境的污染状况，在流域内平顶山、漯河、许昌、郑州、周口5市所辖区域选择猪、鸡、牛的典型养殖场，分季节采集污水和粪尿，进行化学需氧量（COD）、氨氮（NH3 N）含量检测，计算排污系数，结合各市耕地面积，估算畜禽粪便耕地负荷，采用畜禽粪便负荷警报分级方法评价畜禽养殖环境污染状况。结果表明：沙颍河流域内畜禽养殖量占河南省畜禽养殖总量的25·19％，畜禽个体排污系数以牛最大，其次是猪、鸡，流域内年产生畜禽污染物总量为7529·414万 t，各市畜禽污染物产生量大小依次为：周口、平顶山、许昌、郑州、漯河；流域内单位耕地面积平均畜禽粪便负荷为33·07 t/hm2，NH3 N 耕地负荷为43·47 kg/hm2；畜禽粪便负荷警报值在0·51～1·19，警报值级别为Ⅱ～Ⅳ级，其中以平顶山最为严重。说明河南省沙颍河流域内5市的畜禽养殖污染物已经对环境构成了不同程度的污染。
위료해하남성사영하류역축금양식업대배경적오염상황，재류역내평정산、탑하、허창、정주、주구5시소할구역선택저、계、우적전형양식장，분계절채집오수화분뇨，진행화학수양량（COD）、안담（NH3 N）함량검측，계산배오계수，결합각시경지면적，고산축금분편경지부하，채용축금분편부하경보분급방법평개축금양식배경오염상황。결과표명：사영하류역내축금양식량점하남성축금양식총량적25·19％，축금개체배오계수이우최대，기차시저、계，류역내년산생축금오염물총량위7529·414만 t，각시축금오염물산생량대소의차위：주구、평정산、허창、정주、탑하；류역내단위경지면적평균축금분편부하위33·07 t/hm2，NH3 N 경지부하위43·47 kg/hm2；축금분편부하경보치재0·51～1·19，경보치급별위Ⅱ～Ⅳ급，기중이평정산최위엄중。설명하남성사영하류역내5시적축금양식오염물이경대배경구성료불동정도적오염。
In order to investigate the pollution status of livestock industry in Shaying river basin which is located in Henan province,the research selected typical livestock farms in Pingdingshan, Luohe,Xuchang,Zhengzhou and Zhoukou within the basin.Waste water and feces were collected seasonally.The COD and ammoniacal nitrogen content were detected,so that the discharge coefficient could be calculated.Combing with the scale of livestock and arable area of the cities, the amount of livestock excrementsand farmland pollution load were calculated.Then the pollution status of livestock and poultry breeding industry of existing scale was evaluated according to feces load alarm classification method.Combined with the local effective cultivated area of Henan statistical yearbook,the pre-warning value was used to evaluate the assessment for pollution situation of livestock industry.The results showed that the amounts of livestock industry withinShaying river basin made up 25·19% of all in Henan.The discharge coefficient of cattle is the largest,followed by pig and chicken.There were 75·294 14 million tons livestock manure from breeding per year.Zhoukou tops the list of pollutants production of five cities, followed by Pingdingshan,Xuchang,Luohe and Zhengzhou.The average waste loading of livestock withinthe basin was 33·07 t/ha;The average ammoniacal nitrogen loading was 43·47 kg/ha. The pre-warning value of livestock manure load in five cities were 0·51 - 1·19 respectively,while the alert level of them wereⅡ-Ⅳ.In conclusion,the environment ofShaying basin has been polluted in varying degrees.