CAJ | 학술논문

鉴于常规微机械陀螺的驱动结构和检测结构往往总要进行频率匹配，造成带宽较窄，工艺复杂的问题，设计了一种新的微机械陀螺，安装于旋转飞行器上，利用飞行器的旋转获得角动量，敏感飞行器的偏航和俯仰横向角速度。由于没有驱动结构，所以结构简单，带宽较宽。首先基于这种巧妙的结构建立了敏感元件的振动方程。根据振动方程，扭转梁是影响质量振动模态和模态频率的关键，同时考虑到应力、残余应力的释放以及工作能力，扭转梁设计成横截面积为矩形的弧形梁，并对其抗扭刚度进行了解析推导和计算，从而确定了敏感元件的固有频率。接着利用有限元分析的方法，对其振动模态进行了仿真，仿真结果表明，敏感元件的第一模态是扭转振动，固有频率相对于解析结果的误差为9.86%。为了进一步验证，设计了静电驱动电容检测的方法，实验测试得到的谐振频率和解析值的相对误差为5.21%。仿真和实验结果与理论计算一致，表明扭转梁的设计是合理的，模态分析是正确的，而且为动态性能评估和结构优化提供了理论依据。
감우상규미궤계타라적구동결구화검측결구왕왕총요진행빈솔필배，조성대관교착，공예복잡적문제，설계료일충신적미궤계타라，안장우선전비행기상，이용비행기적선전획득각동량，민감비행기적편항화부앙횡향각속도。유우몰유구동결구，소이결구간단，대관교관。수선기우저충교묘적결구건립료민감원건적진동방정。근거진동방정，뉴전량시영향질량진동모태화모태빈솔적관건，동시고필도응력、잔여응력적석방이급공작능력，뉴전량설계성횡절면적위구형적호형량，병대기항뉴강도진행료해석추도화계산，종이학정료민감원건적고유빈솔。접착이용유한원분석적방법，대기진동모태진행료방진，방진결과표명，민감원건적제일모태시뉴전진동，고유빈솔상대우해석결과적오차위9.86%。위료진일보험증，설계료정전구동전용검측적방법，실험측시득도적해진빈솔화해석치적상대오차위5.21%。방진화실험결과여이론계산일치，표명뉴전량적설계시합리적，모태분석시정학적，이차위동태성능평고화결구우화제공료이론의거。
The driving structure and detecting structure of traditional micromechanical gyroscope usually require frequency matching, causing narrow bandwidth and complex process. To solve this problem, a novel micromechanical gyroscope was designed, which is mounted on rotating aircraft, obtains angular momentum by using aircraft spin, and senses yawing and pitching angular velocity. Being without driven structure, the gyro’s structure is simple and with large bandwidth. Based on this new structure, the motion equation was established. According to the vibration equation, the torsional beam is the key to vibrating modal and modal frequency of sensing element. Meanwhile, considering the stress, the residual stress’s release and the working ability, the torsional beam was designed to be a circular beam with rectangular cross-section, and the torsional stiffness is analytically derived and calculated to determine the natural frequency. Then the vibrating modal is simulated by using finite element analysis (FEA) method. Simulation results show that the first mode is torsional vibrating, in which the relative error between natural frequency and analytical solution is 9.86%. In order to make further validation, an experimental method using the electrostatic driving and capacitance detection was designed, and the experimental results show that the relative error between natural frequency and analytical solution is 5.21%. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the design is reasonable, and the modal analysis about torsional beam is correct. And it can be applied to the dynamic performance evaluation and the structure optimization.