CAJ | 학술논문

提本研究在GIS技术支撑下选择RUSLE模型作为基础模型,估算乌江流域20世纪80年代和90年代年均土壤侵蚀量,结合ANN技术,预测2001-2010年乌江流域的土壤侵蚀量,分析了该流域近30年来土壤侵蚀动态变化规律,以期为研究区土壤侵蚀防治工作提供理论依据。研究结果表明：应用RUSLE模型计算乌江流域年均土壤侵蚀模数,计算结果和以往土壤侵蚀调查估计的结果比较吻合,但由于RUSLE模型不计算重力侵蚀,因此计算结果仍与实测输沙模数有所出入。90年代潜在土壤侵蚀模数比80年代高,流域潜在土壤侵蚀呈增加趋势,其中三岔河流域和马蹄河/印江河流域年均潜在土壤侵蚀模数最高。3种主要土地覆被类型中,林地的土壤保持量最大,耕地次之,草地最少,这与非喀斯特地区在水土保持效果上通常林地>草地>旱地的结论有所不同。通过构建BP神经网络,预测得到乌江流域2001-2010年土壤侵蚀模数,结果显示,21世纪前10年,流域土壤侵蚀模数大幅降低,流域年均土壤侵蚀模数由90年代的23.13 t/(hm2· a)降低为1.01 t/(hm2· a)。三岔河流域的水土流失得到了控制,黔西、金沙、息烽、修文、贵阳、平坝、思南、石阡、沿河和松桃等县市应是“十二五”期间的水土流失重点治理对象。
제본연구재GIS기술지탱하선택RUSLE모형작위기출모형,고산오강류역20세기80년대화90년대년균토양침식량,결합ANN기술,예측2001-2010년오강류역적토양침식량,분석료해류역근30년래토양침식동태변화규률,이기위연구구토양침식방치공작제공이론의거。연구결과표명：응용RUSLE모형계산오강류역년균토양침식모수,계산결과화이왕토양침식조사고계적결과비교문합,단유우RUSLE모형불계산중력침식,인차계산결과잉여실측수사모수유소출입。90년대잠재토양침식모수비80년대고,류역잠재토양침식정증가추세,기중삼차하류역화마제하/인강하류역년균잠재토양침식모수최고。3충주요토지복피류형중,임지적토양보지량최대,경지차지,초지최소,저여비객사특지구재수토보지효과상통상임지>초지>한지적결론유소불동。통과구건BP신경망락,예측득도오강류역2001-2010년토양침식모수,결과현시,21세기전10년,류역토양침식모수대폭강저,류역년균토양침식모수유90년대적23.13 t/(hm2· a)강저위1.01 t/(hm2· a)。삼차하류역적수토류실득도료공제,검서、금사、식봉、수문、귀양、평패、사남、석천、연하화송도등현시응시“십이오”기간적수토류실중점치리대상。
The average annual soil erosion modulus in the 1980s and 1990s were calculated on a Geographical Information System (GIS) platform. The results coincide with previous soil erosion investigation conducted by Department of Water Resources of Guizhou Province. However, difference still exists because Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model does not include gravitational erosion. Potential soil erosion modulus in the 1990s was higher than that in the 1980s, which suggests an increase in potential soil erosion in the Wujiang River Basin. The Sancha River basin and the Mati River/Yinjiang River basin have the highest value of potential soil erosion modulus. Among the three main land cover types, forest land has the most soil retention, followed by farmland, with grassland having the least soil retention. This is different from things of the non-karst area where soil retention on grassland is better than that in farmland. The Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network model was used to calculate soil erosion modulus in the 2000s based on the data obtained in the 1980s and 1990s. The results suggest that the rate of soil erosion decreased from 23.13 t/(hm2 · a) in the 1990s to 1.01 t/(hm2 · a) in the 2000s, and the amount of soil erosion decreased from 115.18 × 106 t/a to 5.03×106 t/a. Soil erosion in the Sancha River basin is under control. However, counties or cities of Qianxi, Jinsha, Xifeng, Xiuwen, Guiyang, Pingban, Sinan, Shiqian, Yanhe and Songtao need strict soil management during the 12th Five-Year Plan period.