CAJ | 학술논문

景观作为环境美的存在形式，主要由两个方面的因素构成：一是“景”，二是“观”。在以景观居住为审美边界的视阈中，中国古代出现了四种不同的居住形式：一是达官贵人营造的，既拥有自然因素，又享受人世奢华的宅第---园林；二是隐于名山大川、安享自然的隐士居所---世外桃源；三是普通老百姓怀着对自然质朴的追求，对房前屋后美化所形成的住所---民居；四是由心意触发，借助绘画等艺术作品和自然中显现的点点滴滴，从飞花落叶中感悟到大自然“大爱无形，大音稀声”的审美意境，进入“随遇而安”人生境界的高士住宅---意所。这四种居住形式，集中体现了中国古代景观居住观，是中国古代人生观对居住空间态度的直接写照，对当代中国居住形式的研发具有现实的参考意义。
경관작위배경미적존재형식，주요유량개방면적인소구성：일시“경”，이시“관”。재이경관거주위심미변계적시역중，중국고대출현료사충불동적거주형식：일시체관귀인영조적，기옹유자연인소，우향수인세사화적택제---완림；이시은우명산대천、안향자연적은사거소---세외도원；삼시보통로백성부착대자연질박적추구，대방전옥후미화소형성적주소---민거；사시유심의촉발，차조회화등예술작품화자연중현현적점점적적，종비화락협중감오도대자연“대애무형，대음희성”적심미의경，진입“수우이안”인생경계적고사주택---의소。저사충거주형식，집중체현료중국고대경관거주관，시중국고대인생관대거주공간태도적직접사조，대당대중국거주형식적연발구유현실적삼고의의。
Landscape, as a form of environmental beauty, was mainly constituted by two factors of 'scenery' and 'view'. From the aesthetic perspective of landscape inhabitation, there were four forms of living space in an-cient China:first, private gardens, which are built by some grandees, have natural elements and are also very lux-urious;second, retreats away from the turmoil of the world, which are built by hermits completely unaware of what happened in the real world;third, folk residence, which is built by the common people, located in their local resi-dence with natural surroundings decorated by themselves; and fourth, ideal places, with paintings and other works of art and nature, which are built by some wise and intelligent people, show artistic conception of“great love is in-visible”and“big voice sound thin”. These four forms of living space reflect the ancient Chinese views on landscape inhabitation and attitudes towards living space. It is no doubt that this study has a practical reference for research of living forms in contemporary China.