CAJ | 학술논문

硬厚覆岩的破断与结构将发生显著的变化。针对汝箕沟煤矿二2煤层上覆厚层石英砂岩条件，采用现场实测、数值模拟、理论分析及现场试验等方法，研究了硬厚覆岩裂隙发育特征、破断运动、矿压显现特征及断顶控制技术，为硬厚覆岩工作面灾害防治提供了依据。研究表明，硬厚石英砂岩的微观结构致密完整，呈现大面积悬空、大步距破断运动，引起强烈的支架动载，甚至导致工作面风流逆转、沟通上部采空区隐形火区；硬厚岩层破断运移后产生明显的离层空间，并在开切眼上部和工作面上部及采空区中部形成覆岩主裂隙带，且发育高度大于经验计算数值，甚至与上方采空区沟通诱发灾害；实施开切眼深孔断顶爆破及降低工作面采高，有效缩短了硬厚岩层的初次破断步距，降低了支架动载及主裂隙带高度。
경후복암적파단여결구장발생현저적변화。침대여기구매광이2매층상복후층석영사암조건，채용현장실측、수치모의、이론분석급현장시험등방법，연구료경후복암렬극발육특정、파단운동、광압현현특정급단정공제기술，위경후복암공작면재해방치제공료의거。연구표명，경후석영사암적미관결구치밀완정，정현대면적현공、대보거파단운동，인기강렬적지가동재，심지도치공작면풍류역전、구통상부채공구은형화구；경후암층파단운이후산생명현적리층공간，병재개절안상부화공작면상부급채공구중부형성복암주렬극대，차발육고도대우경험계산수치，심지여상방채공구구통유발재해；실시개절안심공단정폭파급강저공작면채고，유효축단료경후암층적초차파단보거，강저료지가동재급주렬극대고도。
Great changes occur both in the breaking form and structure of hard and thick overlying strata. Aiming at conditions of coal seam II2 overburden thick quartz sandstone in Rujigou coal mine by using field measurement, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, field tests and other methods, we studied the features of fractures development, the breaking movement of rock, characteristics of strata behaviors, and technology of broken roof control of the overlying hard and thick rock, providing a basis for disaster prevention of working face with hard and thick roof. Research results show that the microstructure of this kind of quartz sandstone is compactive and completion; a large area vacant and great breaking movement appeared in the strata, which cause the strong dynamic load of support, and even result in reversed air flow in working face, and link up invisible burning area at upper mined-out areas. Obvious separate strata space generated after the rupture of hard and thick strata, and main fracture zone form at the top of working face and the middle part of mined-out areas, the height of main fracture zone is greater than the experience value; and disasters can even be caused when the upper mined-out areas meet the fracture zone. By applying deep-hole blasting at open-off cut to break roof and lowering mining height, it effectively shortens the initial breaking span of hard, and thick strata, and reduce the dynamic load in support and the height of main fracture zone.