中国烟草科学
中國煙草科學
중국연초과학
CHINESE TOBACCO SCIENCE
2014年
5期
84-88
,共5页
汪汉成%黄艳飞%王进%王茂胜%商胜华%叶定勇%龙明锦
汪漢成%黃豔飛%王進%王茂勝%商勝華%葉定勇%龍明錦
왕한성%황염비%왕진%왕무성%상성화%협정용%룡명금
烟草种子%病原菌%分离%鉴定
煙草種子%病原菌%分離%鑒定
연초충자%병원균%분리%감정
tobacco seeds%isolation%identification%pathogen
采用无菌滤纸培养烟苗的方法对贵州主栽的4个烤烟品种裸种进行了带菌检测，并对种子携带真菌进行了分离与鉴定。结果表明，K326、贵烟4号、韭菜坪2号和南江3号的种子带菌率分别为15%、77.78%、21.67%和61.39%。分离和鉴定发现种子携带的真菌有链格孢菌属（Alternaria sp.）、拟茎点霉属（Phomopsis sp.）、支顶孢属（Acremonium sp.）、柄孢壳属（Zopfiella sp.）、曲霉属（Aspergillus sp.）、镰孢菌属（Fusarium sp.）、青霉菌属（Penicillium sp.）、赤霉菌属（Gibberella sp.）、芽枝孢菌属（Cladosporium sp.）、离蠕孢属（Bipolaris sp.）和Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum等。获得40株真菌中共有22种真菌，优势菌群主要为链格孢属、芽枝孢菌属、镰孢菌属和赤霉菌属。链格孢菌属在4个烤烟品种上均有发现。镰孢菌属主要来自于贵烟4号、韭菜坪2号和南江3号，其中南江3号种子上最多。芽枝孢菌属仅来自贵烟4号。贵烟4号和南江3号种子上的真菌种类和数量较多。这些种子携带真菌的发现对烤烟种子的生产与加工具有重要的意义。
採用無菌濾紙培養煙苗的方法對貴州主栽的4箇烤煙品種裸種進行瞭帶菌檢測，併對種子攜帶真菌進行瞭分離與鑒定。結果錶明，K326、貴煙4號、韭菜坪2號和南江3號的種子帶菌率分彆為15%、77.78%、21.67%和61.39%。分離和鑒定髮現種子攜帶的真菌有鏈格孢菌屬（Alternaria sp.）、擬莖點黴屬（Phomopsis sp.）、支頂孢屬（Acremonium sp.）、柄孢殼屬（Zopfiella sp.）、麯黴屬（Aspergillus sp.）、鐮孢菌屬（Fusarium sp.）、青黴菌屬（Penicillium sp.）、赤黴菌屬（Gibberella sp.）、芽枝孢菌屬（Cladosporium sp.）、離蠕孢屬（Bipolaris sp.）和Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum等。穫得40株真菌中共有22種真菌，優勢菌群主要為鏈格孢屬、芽枝孢菌屬、鐮孢菌屬和赤黴菌屬。鏈格孢菌屬在4箇烤煙品種上均有髮現。鐮孢菌屬主要來自于貴煙4號、韭菜坪2號和南江3號，其中南江3號種子上最多。芽枝孢菌屬僅來自貴煙4號。貴煙4號和南江3號種子上的真菌種類和數量較多。這些種子攜帶真菌的髮現對烤煙種子的生產與加工具有重要的意義。
채용무균려지배양연묘적방법대귀주주재적4개고연품충라충진행료대균검측，병대충자휴대진균진행료분리여감정。결과표명，K326、귀연4호、구채평2호화남강3호적충자대균솔분별위15%、77.78%、21.67%화61.39%。분리화감정발현충자휴대적진균유련격포균속（Alternaria sp.）、의경점매속（Phomopsis sp.）、지정포속（Acremonium sp.）、병포각속（Zopfiella sp.）、곡매속（Aspergillus sp.）、렴포균속（Fusarium sp.）、청매균속（Penicillium sp.）、적매균속（Gibberella sp.）、아지포균속（Cladosporium sp.）、리연포속（Bipolaris sp.）화Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum등。획득40주진균중공유22충진균，우세균군주요위련격포속、아지포균속、렴포균속화적매균속。련격포균속재4개고연품충상균유발현。렴포균속주요래자우귀연4호、구채평2호화남강3호，기중남강3호충자상최다。아지포균속부래자귀연4호。귀연4호화남강3호충자상적진균충류화수량교다。저사충자휴대진균적발현대고연충자적생산여가공구유중요적의의。
Fungi levels in four tobacco cultivars in Guizhou province were tested on tobacco seedlings that incubated on sterile filter paper. The fungi were isolated and identified. Results showed that fungi levels in K326, Guiyan 4, Jiucaiping 2, and Nanjiang 3 were 15%, 77.78%, 21.67% and 61.39%, respectively. The fungi in those four cultivars included Alternaria sp., Phomopsis sp., Acremonium sp., Zopfiella sp., Aspergillus sp., Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Gibberella sp., Cladosporium sp., Bipolaris sp., and Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum. Forty isolates were isolated all together, in between about 22 different fungi. However, Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp., Fusarium sp. and Gibberella sp. were the dominant fungi. Alternaria sp. were found on all four cultivars; Fusarium sp. were found on Guiyan 4, Jiucaiping 2 and Nanjiang 3, and was dominant on cultivar Nanjing 3. Cladosporium sp. was only found on cultivar Guiyan 4. The number of fungi and number of species were the highest in cultivar Guiyan 4 and Nanjiang 3. Those findings provide important information for tobacco seed production and process.
