敦煌研究
敦煌研究
돈황연구
DUNHUANG RESEARCH
2014年
5期
1-9
,共9页
北魏%帝后礼佛%仪仗%规制%仪式复原
北魏%帝後禮彿%儀仗%規製%儀式複原
북위%제후례불%의장%규제%의식복원
Northern Wei%emperor and queen paying homage to the Buddha%ceremony%rule%representation of the original ritual
巩县第1窟中的帝后礼佛图，是目前最为完整地保存有北魏晚期帝后礼佛出行仪仗的图像资料。该图采用“主从形式”的人物构图方式，按照每组中主像的官职品级，从位置的先后、冠服的繁简、随从的多寡、伞扇的规格等多方面体现出身份等级的差别。这反映出北魏晚期礼仪制度已完全确立并渗透进佛教仪轨中。结合该窟“中心柱窟”的空间特点，推测当时帝后礼佛主要采用“右绕式”的礼拜仪式。
鞏縣第1窟中的帝後禮彿圖，是目前最為完整地保存有北魏晚期帝後禮彿齣行儀仗的圖像資料。該圖採用“主從形式”的人物構圖方式，按照每組中主像的官職品級，從位置的先後、冠服的繁簡、隨從的多寡、傘扇的規格等多方麵體現齣身份等級的差彆。這反映齣北魏晚期禮儀製度已完全確立併滲透進彿教儀軌中。結閤該窟“中心柱窟”的空間特點，推測噹時帝後禮彿主要採用“右繞式”的禮拜儀式。
공현제1굴중적제후례불도，시목전최위완정지보존유북위만기제후례불출행의장적도상자료。해도채용“주종형식”적인물구도방식，안조매조중주상적관직품급，종위치적선후、관복적번간、수종적다과、산선적규격등다방면체현출신빈등급적차별。저반영출북위만기례의제도이완전학립병삼투진불교의궤중。결합해굴“중심주굴”적공간특점，추측당시제후례불주요채용“우요식”적례배의식。
The scene of the Emperor and Queen paying homage to the Buddha in cave 1 of the Gongxian Grottoes is the best preserved outing scene of late Northern Wei Emperors and Queens. In this scene, each major character is followed by his or her attendants in different costumes and number, each holding different parasols to indicate social rank. This reflects that the hierarchy in imperial ceremonies had been completely established and adopted in Buddhist ceremonies. This scene, together with the spatial features of the cave, suggests that the Emperors and Queens paid homage to the Buddha by circumambulating clockwise around a central pillar.
