CAJ | 학술논문

以北京市园林绿化局西山林场的人工油松风景林13个林分中554株林木为研究对象，依据能反映单木形体特征的9个测树指标和树高、胸径、冠幅等林木生长指标，构建林木个体美景度与形态指标、生长指标间的关系模型，并依此进行油松人工风景林林木分级。为了使生长指标更具有通用性，采用综合指数法计算林木的树高、胸径和冠幅的生长势。结果表明：油松单木形态指标和生长指标与美景度值间呈多种规律变化，树高年均生长量、树干通直度、径高比与美景度值间呈二次曲线规律变化；树冠体积、胸径年均生长量、冠幅年均生长量、冠长率、树冠伸展度和生长势与美景度值间呈正线性降低变化趋势；死枝树冠长度占树冠总长度比例与美景度值间呈负线性增加变化趋势。因此，非线性模型能从总体上较好地反映油松形态指标和生长指标与美景度间的关系。根据因子分析结果构建可表征树木冠形、干冠协调性、生长和干形4个综合因子指数，并利用这4个指数构建美景度与单木个体质量特征关系的二次多项式模型。依据二次多项式模型预测的单木美景度值和林木生长势，利用聚类和Topsis方法，将人工油松风景林分为景观主体木(Ⅰ)、景观有益木(Ⅱ)、景观有害木(Ⅲ) 3个等级，并进一步划分为景观提景木(Ⅰ1)、景观核心木(Ⅰ2)、景观辅助木(Ⅱ1)、景观潜力木(Ⅱ2)、景观有害木(Ⅲ1)和景观障景木(Ⅲ2)6个亚类。
이북경시완림녹화국서산림장적인공유송풍경림13개림분중554주림목위연구대상，의거능반영단목형체특정적9개측수지표화수고、흉경、관폭등림목생장지표，구건림목개체미경도여형태지표、생장지표간적관계모형，병의차진행유송인공풍경림림목분급。위료사생장지표경구유통용성，채용종합지수법계산림목적수고、흉경화관폭적생장세。결과표명：유송단목형태지표화생장지표여미경도치간정다충규률변화，수고년균생장량、수간통직도、경고비여미경도치간정이차곡선규률변화；수관체적、흉경년균생장량、관폭년균생장량、관장솔、수관신전도화생장세여미경도치간정정선성강저변화추세；사지수관장도점수관총장도비례여미경도치간정부선성증가변화추세。인차，비선성모형능종총체상교호지반영유송형태지표화생장지표여미경도간적관계。근거인자분석결과구건가표정수목관형、간관협조성、생장화간형4개종합인자지수，병이용저4개지수구건미경도여단목개체질량특정관계적이차다항식모형。의거이차다항식모형예측적단목미경도치화림목생장세，이용취류화Topsis방법，장인공유송풍경림분위경관주체목(Ⅰ)、경관유익목(Ⅱ)、경관유해목(Ⅲ) 3개등급，병진일보화분위경관제경목(Ⅰ1)、경관핵심목(Ⅰ2)、경관보조목(Ⅱ1)、경관잠력목(Ⅱ2)、경관유해목(Ⅲ1)화경관장경목(Ⅲ2)6개아류。
Tree grading is one of important foundation works in thinning of young-and middle-age stands,however tree grading techniques for scenic forests are not reported. In this study,554 individual trees in 13 different stands of Pinus tabulaeformis scenic plantation in Xishan Forest Farm of Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Forestry were targeted to study 9 morphological indicators and 3 growth indicators,and the model between scenic beauty values and those morphological indicators and growth indicators was established for the tree grading. The integrate indicator method was applied to construct the tree height,DBH and crown growth potential. Results showed that the relationships between scenic beauty value and morphological,growth indicators were in multiple ways rather than only in linear way. Annual average increment of tree height,straightness of trunk,the ratio of DBH to tree height changed in quadratic curve way with change of SBE grades,and crown volume,annual average increment of DBH,annual average increment of crown width, crown length ratio,stretch degree of crown,growth potential changed in a positive linear trend with change of SBE grades, and the ratio of death crown length to total crown length changed in a negative linear trend with change of SBE grades. Thus the relationships between SBE value and morphological and growth indicators could be well described by non-linear model. Integrate indices which could describe tree crown morphology,harmony between trunk and crown,tree growth and trunk form were constructed according to factor analysis results. The sampled P. tabulaeformins trees were divided into 3 classes and 6 subclasses by means of systematical clustering using morphological and growth potential indicators. Class one (Ⅰ) is named as key trees of in-stand landscape and it could further be divided into quality upgrade trees of in-stand landscape (Ⅰ1 ) and framework trees of in-stand landscape (Ⅰ2 ) . Class two (Ⅱ) is named as beneficial trees of in-stand landscape and it could further be divided into adjuvant trees of in-stand landscape (Ⅱ1 ) and potential trees of in-stand landscape (Ⅱ2 ) . Class three (Ⅲ) is named as harmful trees of in-stand landscape and it could be divided into harmful trees of in-stand landscape (Ⅲ1 ) and destructive trees of in-stand landscape (Ⅲ2 ) .