CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究杏鲍菇残渣中多糖的酶处理-微波辅助提取工艺及生物活性，该文以杏鲍菇深加工后的残渣为原料，在纤维素酶处理的基础上，微波辅助法提取杏鲍菇多糖；利用响应面试验设计对提取工艺条件进行优化，并与传统热水提取方法进行比较；对杏鲍菇多糖进行抗氧化和抑菌活性评价。结果表明，微波辅助提取杏鲍菇多糖的较佳条件为：水料比35∶1 mL/g，提取时间15 min，微波功率570 W，此条件下多糖的提取率为12.11%±1.02%，比热水提取高出41.21%，且提取时间缩短了105 min。杏鲍菇多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作用，其半数抑制浓度（IC50）分别为22.9、19和21.1 mg/mL，对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抑制作用，其最低抑制质量浓度分别为8、16和16 mg/mL，对黑曲霉和酿酒酵母没有明显的抑制作用。研究结果为进一步开发杏鲍菇多糖功能和利用杏鲍菇残渣提供一定的技术依据。
위료연구행포고잔사중다당적매처리-미파보조제취공예급생물활성，해문이행포고심가공후적잔사위원료，재섬유소매처리적기출상，미파보조법제취행포고다당；이용향응면시험설계대제취공예조건진행우화，병여전통열수제취방법진행비교；대행포고다당진행항양화화억균활성평개。결과표명，미파보조제취행포고다당적교가조건위：수료비35∶1 mL/g，제취시간15 min，미파공솔570 W，차조건하다당적제취솔위12.11%±1.02%，비열수제취고출41.21%，차제취시간축단료105 min。행포고다당대1,1-이분기-2-삼초기분정자유기、간기자유기화초양음리자자유기구유일정적청제작용，기반수억제농도（IC50）분별위22.9、19화21.1 mg/mL，대고초아포간균、대장간균화금황색포도구균구유교호적억제작용，기최저억제질량농도분별위8、16화16 mg/mL，대흑곡매화양주효모몰유명현적억제작용。연구결과위진일보개발행포고다당공능화이용행포고잔사제공일정적기술의거。
Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of valuable edible and medicinal fungus, which contains a lot of effective ingredients. Modern pharmacological researches show that, Pleurotus eryngii fruit body has the function of decreasing blood pressure and reducing blood lipid. Polysaccharides are the main active components of Pleurotus eryngii, which have the antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor effects. The polysaccharide extraction methods include hot-water extraction, ultrasound, microwave, high temperature and high-pressure extraction. At present, the extraction of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides is mainly performed by hot-water extraction, which has long extraction time, high energy consumption and low extraction yield. Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue is the byproducts of fruit body processing. It contains rich protein and polysaccharide, and has multiple biological activities and physiological functions, similar with the fruit body. At present, Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue is often used as feed and fertilizer, or directly discarded. The utilization rate of Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue is very low, and it even causes the environment pollution. In 2012, the yield of Pleurotus eryngii in China is about 730 000 tons, and the stalk residue after fruit body processing is about 36 000 tons. Enzymatic treatment is a new technology in food and pharmaceutical industry, which is widely used in extracting biological active substances from animal and plant raw materials, with advantage of high extraction rate, low energy requirement, low cost and simple operation. Microwave assisted extraction is a physical enhancement process of heat and mass transfer, based on traditional extraction process. This method has improved extracting speed, efficiency and quality, compared with conventional extraction process. It has been widely applied to extraction of plant active components. At present, application of enzymatic treatment combined with microwave assisted extraction to extracting polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii has not been reported. In this study, the microwave extraction based on enzymatic treatment was used to extract polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue. The main factors affecting polysaccharide yield (water-material ratio, extraction time and microwave power) were investigated and optimized by response surface design using Design-Expert 7.1.6 software. The enzyme-microwave extraction method was compared with water heating extraction. The antioxidant activities (scavenging capacities on DPPH, hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical) and antimicrobial activities of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides were evaluated. Results showed that, the optimized microwave extraction conditions were as followed: water-material ratio, 35:1 mL/g; extraction time, 15 min, microwave power, 570 W. Under these conditions, the polysaccharide yield was 12.11%±1.02%, which was 41.21%higher than that by water heating extraction method, and the extraction time was shortened by 105 min. The Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides had certain scavenging effect on DPPH, hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 22.9, 19 and 21.1 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, the Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides had good inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 8, 16 and 16 mg/mL, respectively. They had no obvious inhibitory effect on Aspergillus niger or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study has provided a technical basis for further development of Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharide functions and utilization of Pleurotus eryngii stalk residue.