CAJ | 학술논문

为高品质提取胡麻籽低温压榨饼残油，采用D-optimum响应面设计优化亚临界丁烷萃取胡麻饼工艺，研究萃取温度、时间和液料比对油脂提取率的影响，并将所得油与粕与正已烷工艺进行品质比较。结果表明：液料比和萃取时间对油脂提取率的影响显著（P<0.05）；液料比与萃取温度交互作用显著（P<0.05）；最佳工艺参数为液料比8.4 mL/g、萃取时间40 min、萃取温度26℃，此条件下胡麻籽油的提取率为96.50%。亚临界丁烷萃取的胡麻籽油红色较浅、黄色较深，酸价与过氧化值都优于正已烷工艺，磷脂质量分数约为正已烷工艺的1/10。亚临界丁烷萃取后的胡麻籽粕，中性洗涤纤维质量分数低，蛋白中可溶性氮质量分数是正已烷工艺的3.5倍。研究结果可为胡麻籽高品质加工利用提供数据参考。
위고품질제취호마자저온압자병잔유，채용D-optimum향응면설계우화아림계정완췌취호마병공예，연구췌취온도、시간화액료비대유지제취솔적영향，병장소득유여박여정이완공예진행품질비교。결과표명：액료비화췌취시간대유지제취솔적영향현저（P<0.05）；액료비여췌취온도교호작용현저（P<0.05）；최가공예삼수위액료비8.4 mL/g、췌취시간40 min、췌취온도26℃，차조건하호마자유적제취솔위96.50%。아림계정완췌취적호마자유홍색교천、황색교심，산개여과양화치도우우정이완공예，린지질량분수약위정이완공예적1/10。아림계정완췌취후적호마자박，중성세조섬유질량분수저，단백중가용성담질량분수시정이완공예적3.5배。연구결과가위호마자고품질가공이용제공수거삼고。
Linseed (Linum usitassimum L.), also known as Flaxseed, belonging to family Lineaceae, is an annual herb that is one of the oldest cultivated crops, continues to be widely grown for oil, textile, and food. Currently, Linseed is cultivated in more than 50 countries, predominantly in the Northern hemisphere. The important Linseed growing countries include Canada, China, India, Argentina, and United States. In China, Linseed, as one of five most important kinds of oil crops, of the average production is 500 thousand tons per year. Linseed oil is an excellent source of the omega-3 fatty acid alpha linolenic acid (ALA) with typical levels of 55% in the oil making it ideal for function food and nutritional supplements because they have shown beneficial physiological effects. However, the high content of ALA in flaxseed oil is highly susceptible to oxidation, leading to rapid deterioration of quality. Because ALA is sensitive to heat, oxygen, and light, Linseed is usually cold pressed. Cold presses typically recover 80 to 90% of the oil from oilseeds. To exhaust extract the oil of linseed, a solvent extraction has to be used. However, solvent extraction with petroleum distillates, such as hexane, is not allowed, due to its high temperature process. In order to obtain high quality linseed oil from cold press linseed cake, subcritical butane is used to extract linseed oil and then the quality of the oil and meal obtained is studied, compared with n-hexane extraction. The affection of factors, which includes extraction temperature, time and ratio of solvent to material effecting on oil yield, is investigated, and the extraction parameters are optimized by D-optimum response surface methodology. The model equation for predicting the optimum response values is established by Design Expert software. The adequacy of the model equation for predicting the optimum response values was effectively verified by the validation. The experiment result indicates that affection of ratio of solvent to material and extraction time on oil yield are more significant than extraction temperature. The interaction between extraction temperature and ratio of solvent to material has a significant affection on oil yield. The optimum operation parameters of subcritical butane extraction are:extraction temperature 26℃,ratio of solvent to material 8.4 mL/g, and extraction time 40 min. In this optimal condition, the oil yield is 96.50%and is similar to the 96.82%predicted as maximum oil yield by the mathematical model under the condition of temperature 25.77℃and ratio of solvent to material 8.36 mL/g with extraction time 40 min. The subcritical butane extraction of linseed oil from cold press linseed cake has a nice color and better acid and peroxide value compared to n-hexane extraction. The phospholipid content of oil extracted with subcritical butane is 0.67 mg/g, which is about 1/10 of the n-hexane extraction, and the vitamin E content are 43.78 mg/100 g, which is a little larger than the n-hexane extraction process. The linseed meal obtained from cold press linseed cake with subcritical butane extraction, which has a superior quality compared to the meal obtained by n-hexane extraction, has lower content of neutral detergent fiber and high protein solubility. These experimental results offer a good reference value for high quality processing and utilization of linseed.