CAJ | 학술논문

为了研究大型灌区节水改造后区域农田水环境的变化，该文通过对内蒙古河套灌区上中下游地下水进行系统取样分析，综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、离子比例系数和图解法（包括H.И.托尔斯基汉方格图解法、Piper三角图示法和多矩形图解法（multi-rectangular diagrams,MRD）），全面系统地研究节水改造前（2007年）后（2008，2009年）内蒙古河套灌区地下水水化学的时空变异特征与3 a演变规律。结果表明：蒸发浓缩和阳离子交换是控制灌区地下水水质演变的主要水文化学过程；与2007年（节水改造前）相比,2008和2009年HCO3-在河套灌区地下水中绝对含量由在阴离子中最小变为最大成为地下水的主要阴离子；Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-的变异系数相对较小，它们在地下水中含量相对稳定。Na+、Cl-、SO42-的变异系数较大，它们在地下水中的含量变化较大，是随环境因素而变化的敏感因子，是决定地下水盐化作用的主要变量。整个灌区地下水的主要化学类型为HCO3-Na型、SO4-Na型和Cl-Na型，Cl-Na型水和SO4-Na型水主要分布在灌区的上游和下游，HCO3-Na型水在灌区上中下游都有分布。与2007年（节水改造前）相比，2008年和2009年 HCO3-浓度有所增加，Cl-和Na+的浓度有所减少，灌区地下水向着淡化，对作物危害减小的方向转变。全灌区地下水水化学类型时空变异十分复杂，沿着地下水总体水流的方向（灌区上游→灌区中游→灌区下游）Na+占主导地位的趋势越来越明显，在地下水化学类型上，2008年和2009年HCO3-在阴离子占主导地位的化学类型多于2007年（节水改造前）的。与皮伯三线图解法和H.И.托尔斯基汉方格图解法相比，多矩形图解法提供了更明晰、易懂的水化学类型的信息，对于处理复杂地下水化学系统，多矩形图解法的优点更为显著。研究结果为灌区节水改造规划实施对农田水环境的影响进行合理评价提供科学参考。為瞭研究大型灌區節水改造後區域農田水環境的變化，該文通過對內矇古河套灌區上中下遊地下水進行繫統取樣分析，綜閤運用描述性統計、相關性分析、離子比例繫數和圖解法（包括H.И.託爾斯基漢方格圖解法、Piper三角圖示法和多矩形圖解法（multi-rectangular diagrams,MRD）），全麵繫統地研究節水改造前（2007年）後（2008，2009年）內矇古河套灌區地下水水化學的時空變異特徵與3 a縯變規律。結果錶明：蒸髮濃縮和暘離子交換是控製灌區地下水水質縯變的主要水文化學過程；與2007年（節水改造前）相比,2008和2009年HCO3-在河套灌區地下水中絕對含量由在陰離子中最小變為最大成為地下水的主要陰離子；Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-的變異繫數相對較小，它們在地下水中含量相對穩定。Na+、Cl-、SO42-的變異繫數較大，它們在地下水中的含量變化較大，是隨環境因素而變化的敏感因子，是決定地下水鹽化作用的主要變量。整箇灌區地下水的主要化學類型為HCO3-Na型、SO4-Na型和Cl-Na型，Cl-Na型水和SO4-Na型水主要分佈在灌區的上遊和下遊，HCO3-Na型水在灌區上中下遊都有分佈。與2007年（節水改造前）相比，2008年和2009年 HCO3-濃度有所增加，Cl-和Na+的濃度有所減少，灌區地下水嚮著淡化，對作物危害減小的方嚮轉變。全灌區地下水水化學類型時空變異十分複雜，沿著地下水總體水流的方嚮（灌區上遊→灌區中遊→灌區下遊）Na+佔主導地位的趨勢越來越明顯，在地下水化學類型上，2008年和2009年HCO3-在陰離子佔主導地位的化學類型多于2007年（節水改造前）的。與皮伯三線圖解法和H.И.託爾斯基漢方格圖解法相比，多矩形圖解法提供瞭更明晰、易懂的水化學類型的信息，對于處理複雜地下水化學繫統，多矩形圖解法的優點更為顯著。研究結果為灌區節水改造規劃實施對農田水環境的影響進行閤理評價提供科學參攷。
위료연구대형관구절수개조후구역농전수배경적변화，해문통과대내몽고하투관구상중하유지하수진행계통취양분석，종합운용묘술성통계、상관성분석、리자비례계수화도해법（포괄H.И.탁이사기한방격도해법、Piper삼각도시법화다구형도해법（multi-rectangular diagrams,MRD）），전면계통지연구절수개조전（2007년）후（2008，2009년）내몽고하투관구지하수수화학적시공변이특정여3 a연변규률。결과표명：증발농축화양리자교환시공제관구지하수수질연변적주요수문화학과정；여2007년（절수개조전）상비,2008화2009년HCO3-재하투관구지하수중절대함량유재음리자중최소변위최대성위지하수적주요음리자；Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-적변이계수상대교소，타문재지하수중함량상대은정。Na+、Cl-、SO42-적변이계수교대，타문재지하수중적함량변화교대，시수배경인소이변화적민감인자，시결정지하수염화작용적주요변량。정개관구지하수적주요화학류형위HCO3-Na형、SO4-Na형화Cl-Na형，Cl-Na형수화SO4-Na형수주요분포재관구적상유화하유，HCO3-Na형수재관구상중하유도유분포。여2007년（절수개조전）상비，2008년화2009년 HCO3-농도유소증가，Cl-화Na+적농도유소감소，관구지하수향착담화，대작물위해감소적방향전변。전관구지하수수화학류형시공변이십분복잡，연착지하수총체수류적방향（관구상유→관구중유→관구하유）Na+점주도지위적추세월래월명현，재지하수화학류형상，2008년화2009년HCO3-재음리자점주도지위적화학류형다우2007년（절수개조전）적。여피백삼선도해법화H.И.탁이사기한방격도해법상비，다구형도해법제공료경명석、역동적수화학류형적신식，대우처리복잡지하수화학계통，다구형도해법적우점경위현저。연구결과위관구절수개조규화실시대농전수배경적영향진행합리평개제공과학삼고。
The purpose of the research is to validate the water environment changes of regional soil after implementing the water-saving upgrading program. The background of this research is about program implementation of water-saving upgrading in North irrigation district. The groundwater samples were analyzed scientifically and systemically in Inner Mongolia Hetao irrigation district, then the descriptive statistics, the correlation matrices, the ratio coefficient of the main ions and the graphical method (including the H.И. diagram, the piper diagram and Multi-rectangular diagram) were utilized to gain the better understanding of the spatial-temporal variability of the characteristics and the evolution rule of groundwater hydrochemistry in Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that evaporation concentration, lixiviation and cation exchange were the main hydrological chemical processes which controlled the evolution of groundwater quality in irrigation district. Compare with the 2007 (before water-saving upgrading), the absolute content of HCO3- has change from smallest to largest in anion which becoming the main anion in the groundwater on 2008 and 2009. Coefficient of variation of Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-had few change and kept in a stable content in the groundwater. In addition, coefficient of variation of Na+、Cl-、SO42-had a large change in the groundwater. As a result, Na+、Cl-、SO42- became a susceptibility factor varying with environmental factors and major variables that determined in groundwater salinization effect. The main chemical types of ground water were HCO3-Na (middle and lower reaches), SO4-Na (downstream) and Cl-Na (upstream) in irrigation district. Moreover, compared with the 2007, the concentration of HCO3- was increasing, but the concentration of Cl- and Na+ were decreasing. The groundwater was changing to more desalt water and small harm for crop. There was a complex spatiotemporal variation of chemical types for ground water. To follow the direction of groundwater flow, the chemical types of groundwater had been changed from Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4-HCO3, Na-Mg-Cl-SO4-HCO3 and Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3-SO4-Cl to Na-Cl-SO4, Na-SO4-HCO3 and Na-Mg-Cl-HCO3. Furthermore, the chemical types of groundwater had been changed from Ca-Na-Mg-HCO3-SO4-Cl, Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3-SO4-Cl and Na-Mg-Cl-HCO3-SO4 to Na-Cl-HCO3-SO4, Na-HCO3-Cl-SO4 and Na-Ca-HCO3-SO4-Cl in 2008. In 2009 the chemical types of groundwater had been changed from Na-Ca-Cl-SO4-HCO3, Na-Mg-Ca-HCO3-SO4-Cl and Na-Mg-Ca-Cl-HCO3-SO4 to Na-HCO3-Cl-SO4, Na-Cl-SO4 and Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-SO4-HCO3. The Na+had absolute predominance trend. Therefore, in chemical type aspect, HCO3- of anion in 2008 and 2009 was more primary chemical type than HCO3-of anion in 2007. The research results can give the references to evaluate the impacts of the water-saving upgrading program on water environment of regional soil.