农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
21期
1-8
,共8页
朱瑞祥%葛世强%翟长远%闫小丽%史岩鹏%李成鑫%黄闪闪
硃瑞祥%葛世彊%翟長遠%閆小麗%史巖鵬%李成鑫%黃閃閃
주서상%갈세강%적장원%염소려%사암붕%리성흠%황섬섬
农业机械%设计%种子%精量播种机%漏播自补种%位置无偏差补种%超越离合器%自动控制
農業機械%設計%種子%精量播種機%漏播自補種%位置無偏差補種%超越離閤器%自動控製
농업궤계%설계%충자%정량파충궤%루파자보충%위치무편차보충%초월리합기%자동공제
agricultural machinery%design%seed%precision seeder%loss seeding compensation%unerring position reseeding%overrunning clutch%autocontrol
针对大籽粒作物精量播种机普遍存在漏播现象,改进现有排种与补种相互独立的补种位置不准确等问题,提出了一种基于超越离合器的大籽粒作物漏播自补种方法,采用激光光电传感器和霍尔传感器分别监测漏种和排种器速度,依靠排种器自身的超越旋转实现位置无偏差补种并能够故障报警,并设计制作了排种与补种一体化的漏播自补种试验装置。试验结果表明,排种速度2~5 km/h、连续漏播数≤3粒时,补种时间间隔误差≤1.37%,补种粒距合格指数为100%,合格粒距变异系数≤14.48%,平均成功补种率为92.98%,综合漏播率≤0.8%,播种率达到99.2%。该研究可为大籽粒作物精量播种机改进设计提供参考。
針對大籽粒作物精量播種機普遍存在漏播現象,改進現有排種與補種相互獨立的補種位置不準確等問題,提齣瞭一種基于超越離閤器的大籽粒作物漏播自補種方法,採用激光光電傳感器和霍爾傳感器分彆鑑測漏種和排種器速度,依靠排種器自身的超越鏇轉實現位置無偏差補種併能夠故障報警,併設計製作瞭排種與補種一體化的漏播自補種試驗裝置。試驗結果錶明,排種速度2~5 km/h、連續漏播數≤3粒時,補種時間間隔誤差≤1.37%,補種粒距閤格指數為100%,閤格粒距變異繫數≤14.48%,平均成功補種率為92.98%,綜閤漏播率≤0.8%,播種率達到99.2%。該研究可為大籽粒作物精量播種機改進設計提供參攷。
침대대자립작물정량파충궤보편존재루파현상,개진현유배충여보충상호독립적보충위치불준학등문제,제출료일충기우초월리합기적대자립작물루파자보충방법,채용격광광전전감기화곽이전감기분별감측루충화배충기속도,의고배충기자신적초월선전실현위치무편차보충병능구고장보경,병설계제작료배충여보충일체화적루파자보충시험장치。시험결과표명,배충속도2~5 km/h、련속루파수≤3립시,보충시간간격오차≤1.37%,보충립거합격지수위100%,합격립거변이계수≤14.48%,평균성공보충솔위92.98%,종합루파솔≤0.8%,파충솔체도99.2%。해연구가위대자립작물정량파충궤개진설계제공삼고。
The loss sowing phenomenon is common for sowers for crops with large grain. Reseeding and seed-metering devices now available are independent of each other. This method has some problems such as reseeding inaccurately. In order to solve these problems, an automatic reseeding method based on an overrunning clutch was proposed in this paper. An automatic reseeding device that was composed of both a reseeding device and a seed-metering device was designed. The device adopted a hall sensor to get the speed of the seed-metering device. The hall sensor got the time interval between every two seed spoons of the seed-metering device to calculate the real-time speed of the seed-metering device. A laser sensor was used to monitor the loss of seeds. Seeds in the plate of the seed-metering device could block the light propagation path of the laser. If the light propagation path of the laser was not blocked, the seed was lost. An overrunning clutch was used to connect a step motor and the axle of the seed-metering device. The step motor was used to drive the seed-metering device to reseed with high speed. The overrunning clutch is a kind of compound function bearing which transmits torque between the inside hub and outside hub in one direction and allows free overrun in the opposite direction. It was used to switch torque source between the wheels of the seed-metering device and the step motor. The torque source came from the wheels of the seed-metering device when seeding but from the step motor when reseeding. When the laser sensor monitored the loss of seeds, the controller calculated the rotational speed and angle of the step motor based on the real-time speed of seeding and position of the missing seeds. The step motor drove the seed-metering device to reseed with a higher speed than seeding speed. The subsequent seed was added to the vacant position quickly. The system of the automatic reseeding device would give failure warnings to the user if the seed-metering device has a breakdown. Experiments show that when the seeding speed is between 2 km/h and 5 km/h and the continuous missing seeds number is less than 3, the error of the reseeding time interval increases as the seeding speed and the continuous missing seeds number increase. However, the maximum relative error of the reseeding time interval is less than 1.37%. The automatic reseeding device has a good performance of reseeding timeliness. The failure warning system of the automatic reseeding device can warn users of the failure of the seed-metering device accurately. The accuracy of the failure warning is 100%. The qualified index of seeding space is 100%. The variation rate of seeding space is 14.48%. Both of the qualified index of seed space and the variation rate of seed space are much better than the performance indicators of precision seeders in Chinese standard. The reseeding accuracy of the automatic reseeding device is high. The average rate of successful reseeding is 92.98%, the comprehensive missing rate decreases to 0.8%, and the sowing rate increases to 99.2%. The automatic reseeding device has a good effect. The study can provide a reference to improve the design of the precise seeder for large grains.