CAJ | 학술논문

在实验室条件下，对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)在不同投喂频率条件下的生长、体成分组成和能量收支进行研究。实验设置4个投喂频率处理，分别每天投喂1(F1组)、2(F2组)、3(F3组)、4(F4组)次，共进行40 d。结果表明，F3组和F4组的刺参生长最快，其末体重均显著大于F1组和F2组(P<0.05)。投喂频率越高，刺参的摄食量越大，F4组摄食量越高，为3.67 g/(d·ind)，F3组和F4组刺参的摄食量均显著高于F1组和F2组(P<0.05)，但F3组和F4组没有显著差异(P>0.05)。饵料转化率随投喂频率的增加而增加。其中，F4组的饵料转化率最高，为9.70%，而消化率却随投喂频率的增加而降低。投喂频率对刺参主要体成分组成影响不大。从各处理的能量收支方程来看， F1组和F2组的粪能占摄食能的比例显著低于F3组和F4组(P<0.05)，但占摄食能的比例均超过了50%，其呼吸能占摄食能的比例显著高于F3组和F4组。本研究表明，室内养殖刺参每天投喂3次最佳，排泄能和呼吸能较高可能是导致F1组生长不佳的主要原因。
재실험실조건하，대자삼(Apostichopus japonicus)재불동투위빈솔조건하적생장、체성분조성화능량수지진행연구。실험설치4개투위빈솔처리，분별매천투위1(F1조)、2(F2조)、3(F3조)、4(F4조)차，공진행40 d。결과표명，F3조화F4조적자삼생장최쾌，기말체중균현저대우F1조화F2조(P<0.05)。투위빈솔월고，자삼적섭식량월대，F4조섭식량월고，위3.67 g/(d·ind)，F3조화F4조자삼적섭식량균현저고우F1조화F2조(P<0.05)，단F3조화F4조몰유현저차이(P>0.05)。이료전화솔수투위빈솔적증가이증가。기중，F4조적이료전화솔최고，위9.70%，이소화솔각수투위빈솔적증가이강저。투위빈솔대자삼주요체성분조성영향불대。종각처리적능량수지방정래간， F1조화F2조적분능점섭식능적비례현저저우F3조화F4조(P<0.05)，단점섭식능적비례균초과료50%，기호흡능점섭식능적비례현저고우F3조화F4조。본연구표명，실내양식자삼매천투위3차최가，배설능화호흡능교고가능시도치F1조생장불가적주요원인。
The relationship between the feeding strategy and the growth of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus has been an important issue in aquaculture, but the study on the optimized feeding frequency was rare. We conducted a 40-day experiment to identify the best feeding frequency and the mechanisms how feeding frequency affected the growth, the biochemical composition and the energy budget of sea cucumbers. The sea cucumbers were divided into four groups according to the feeding frequencies:F1 (1 time/day), F2 (2 times/day), F3 (3 times/day), and F4 (4 times/day). Each group had 3 duplicates. The artificial feed was made by authors themselves. During the experiment, the unfed feed and feces of sea cucumbers were collected then dried at 70℃. The food consumption, initial body weights and final body weights were recorded. The results showed that the F3 and F4 grew faster and their final body weights were significantly higher than those of F1 and F2 (P<0.05). Food consumption increased along with the feeding frequency. Food consumption of F4 was 3.67 g/(d·ind) which was the highest among all groups. Food consumption of F3 and F4 was significantly higher than that of F1 and F2 (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between F3 and F4 (P>0.05). The food conversion efficiency increased along with the feeding frequency and it was 9.70%in F4, but the digestion rate showed the opposite trend. The feeding frequency did not much affect the biochemical composition of sea cucumbers. The remained food energy in feces was more than 50%of the total food energy in all 4 groups, and it was significantly lower in F1 and F2 than in F3 and F4 (P<0.05). The proportions of food energy consumed in respiration in F1 and F2 were higher than those in F3 and F4 (P<0.05). Our data suggested that the optimal feeding frequency was three times per day for sea cucumbers reared indoors. The poor growth performance of F1 may be caused by their high excretion and respiration expenditure in energy.