CAJ | 학술논문

间苗、定苗是黄河流域棉区十分普及却费工费时的棉田管理措施。通过精量播种减免间苗、定苗环节,将为黄河流域棉区棉花轻简化栽培提供新的技术途径。2011—2013年连续3年在山东省临清市、夏津县、惠民县和东营市4个地点,以常规播种保苗方式为对照,研究了精量播种保苗(播量11.25 kg hm–2,出苗放苗后不间苗、定苗)方式对棉花收获密度、籽棉产量和产量构成因素的影响。年份、地点和播种保苗方式对棉花收获密度、籽棉产量和铃数皆有显著的互作效应。12个点次(3年4个地点)中有10个点次精量播种保苗方式的收获密度达到4.5~8.5株 m–2,铃数和籽棉产量与常规播种保苗方式相当；2011年东营点和2012年惠民点精量播种保苗方式的密度分别只有3.53株 m–2和3.63株 m–2,铃数比常规播种分别减少13.8%和9.7%,单铃重与各自的对照无显著差异,籽棉产量分别减少14.2%和5.5%。精量播种处理中2个点次减产的主要原因在于收获密度过低,导致铃数降低。通过提高播种质量确保较高的收获密度,精量播种减免间定苗能够实现省工节本不减产,可作为一项重要的简化栽培措施在黄河流域棉区推行。
간묘、정묘시황하류역면구십분보급각비공비시적면전관리조시。통과정량파충감면간묘、정묘배절,장위황하류역면구면화경간화재배제공신적기술도경。2011—2013년련속3년재산동성림청시、하진현、혜민현화동영시4개지점,이상규파충보묘방식위대조,연구료정량파충보묘(파량11.25 kg hm–2,출묘방묘후불간묘、정묘)방식대면화수획밀도、자면산량화산량구성인소적영향。년빈、지점화파충보묘방식대면화수획밀도、자면산량화령수개유현저적호작효응。12개점차(3년4개지점)중유10개점차정량파충보묘방식적수획밀도체도4.5~8.5주 m–2,령수화자면산량여상규파충보묘방식상당；2011년동영점화2012년혜민점정량파충보묘방식적밀도분별지유3.53주 m–2화3.63주 m–2,령수비상규파충분별감소13.8%화9.7%,단령중여각자적대조무현저차이,자면산량분별감소14.2%화5.5%。정량파충처리중2개점차감산적주요원인재우수획밀도과저,도치령수강저。통과제고파충질량학보교고적수획밀도,정량파충감면간정묘능구실현성공절본불감산,가작위일항중요적간화재배조시재황하류역면구추행。
Thinning is a considerably popular practice in cotton field management in the Yellow River Valley of China, but such a traditional practice is currently facing a big challenge because of labor costs and time consuming. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of precision seeding on seed cotton yield and yield components so as to provide a new alterna-tive technique to simplify cotton cultivation in the region. A three-year field experiment was conducted at four experimental sites (Linqing, Xiajin, Huimin, and Dongying) to comparatively investigate the effects of precision seeding without thinning on plant population density, seed cotton yield and yield components, with conventional seeding with thinning (seeding rate of 22.5 kg ha–1 and thinning seedlings two times after emergence) as the control. There existed significant interaction effects among planting years, experimental sites and planting patterns on plant density, seed cotton yield and number of bolls per unit area. In 2011–2013, the plant population reached 4.5–8.5 plants m–2 in precision seeding treatment at ten out of twelve sites, and number of bolls per unit area and seed cotton yield were equivalent to those of conventional seeding at these ten sites. However, the seed cotton yield of precision seeding treatment at Dongying in 2011 and at Huimin in 2012 was significantly reduced by 14.2%and 5.5%owing to the low density (3.53 and 3.63 plants m–2) and their boll number was reduced by 13.8%and 9.7%relative to that of conventional seeding treatment. There was no significant difference in single boll weight between the two seeding patterns. The yield reduction of precision seeding treatment at two experimental sites was mainly attributed to the decrease in number of bolls per unit area as a result of reduced plant density. Therefore, costs saving without yield reduction can be realized through precision seeding under the support of improved seeding quality and a relatively high plant density. Precision seeding without seedling thinning can be one of the simplified cultivation measures of cotton production in the Yellow River valley of China.