CAJ | 학술논문

大田试验条件下，选择我国1960s、1980s、2000s三个年代在生产中大面积应用的玉米亲本自交系为试验材料，比较分析了遗传改良过程中玉米骨干自交系灌浆特性及氮素运转的演变特征。结果表明，当代玉米品种及其亲本自交系的产量显著高于其他年代品系(P<0.05)，且不同年代品种产量提高与其亲本产量密切相关(P<0.05)，亲本自交系产量提高与其穗粒数相关性不显著，而与粒重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。对粒重变化研究表明，当代亲本自交系的灌浆速率呈先慢后快的趋势，籽粒灌浆的积累起始势(R0)较高，灌浆最大速率出现时间(Tmax)延迟，灌浆速率最大时生长量(Wmax)和最大灌浆速率(Gmax)明显较高。当代亲本自交系具有较高的干物质积累和日增干重，其茎鞘物质输出率和茎鞘物质贡献率均高于1960s 自交系，且在高密度条件下优势更为明显。当代亲本自交系具有较高的氮素积累总量(P<0.05)，氮素输出率、贡献率的优势不明显(P>0.05)，而氮素利用效率及氮收获指数显著高于1960s 自交系(P<0.05)。表明遗传改良过程中玉米骨干自交系籽粒产量及氮效率得到同步提高，这与其自身较高的籽粒灌浆能力和物质运转效率密切相关。
대전시험조건하，선택아국1960s、1980s、2000s삼개년대재생산중대면적응용적옥미친본자교계위시험재료，비교분석료유전개량과정중옥미골간자교계관장특성급담소운전적연변특정。결과표명，당대옥미품충급기친본자교계적산량현저고우기타년대품계(P<0.05)，차불동년대품충산량제고여기친본산량밀절상관(P<0.05)，친본자교계산량제고여기수립수상관성불현저，이여립중정현저정상관(P<0.05)。대립중변화연구표명，당대친본자교계적관장속솔정선만후쾌적추세，자립관장적적루기시세(R0)교고，관장최대속솔출현시간(Tmax)연지，관장속솔최대시생장량(Wmax)화최대관장속솔(Gmax)명현교고。당대친본자교계구유교고적간물질적루화일증간중，기경초물질수출솔화경초물질공헌솔균고우1960s 자교계，차재고밀도조건하우세경위명현。당대친본자교계구유교고적담소적루총량(P<0.05)，담소수출솔、공헌솔적우세불명현(P>0.05)，이담소이용효솔급담수획지수현저고우1960s 자교계(P<0.05)。표명유전개량과정중옥미골간자교계자립산량급담효솔득도동보제고，저여기자신교고적자립관장능력화물질운전효솔밀절상관。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the evolution characteristic of grain filling and nitrogen translocation in maize hybrids parents released in different eras, which provides the critically important information for nitrogen efficient cultivar. Sixteen elite parent lines released in 1960s, 1980s, and 2000s with widely popularized and utilized in China were used in 2007–2008 to analyze the changes in grain filling traits and nitrogen efficiency associated with yields in genetic improvement during the past four decades. The results showed that compared with 1980s and 1960s hybrids and their parents, the modern hy-brids and parent lines had higher grain yield significantly, and the correlation analysis indicated that the yield increasing of hy-brids closely related to that of their parents (P<0.05). However, the yield of parents was not significantly related with their ear numbers, and was significantly positive correlated with 100-kenerl weight (P<0.05) in different eras. Compared with 1980s and 1960s hybrids parents, their contemporary parents had higher initiation potential (R0), delayed time of the highest filling rate, and higher growth amount at the biggest filling rate (Wmax) and the highest grain filling rate (Gmax). Also, the modern hybrids parents maintained higher dry matter accumulation, stem-sheath matter exportation rate, and stem-sheath matter contribution. As far as nitrogen translocation, the modern hybrids parents had higher N accumulation amount (P<0.05), without obvious advantages in transportation rate and contribution rate, and higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) and higher nitrogen harvest index (NHI) (P<0.05). These demonstrated that the modern hybrids parent lines maintain higher grain yield and nitrogen efficiency, which is closely correlated with stronger grain filling ability and organic matter accumulation efficiency.