CAJ | 학술논문

为完善保护我国淡水生物的水质基准，从44种国内主要水生植物中筛选了浮萍、紫萍、槐叶苹、金鱼藻、穗状狐尾藻、黑藻、菹草和篦齿眼子菜8种代表性本土大型水生植物，进而参照美国水质基准数据筛选原则，从ECOTOX等数据库中搜集相关毒性数据，通过数据分析筛选出对大型水生植物毒性最大的3种重金属污染物和12种除草剂污染物。这15种污染物的物种敏感度分布分析显示，7种大型水生植物对污染物表现出高敏感性（累积概率<15%），其中：浮萍对铊和利谷隆的累积概率分别为4.3%和6.4%，紫萍对百草枯和甲磺隆的累积概率分别为7.8%和11.5%，槐叶苹对2，4-滴二甲胺盐和异丙甲草胺的累积概率分别为8.5%和14.8%，篦齿眼子菜对2，4-滴、利谷隆和异丙甲草胺的累积概率分别为1.2%、2.1%和1.9%，菹草对2，4-滴和甲磺隆的累积概率分别为10.8%和7.7%，黑藻对苄嘧磺隆和氟啶酮的累积概率分别为12.5%和7.4%，金鱼藻对利谷隆、氯化铜和异丙甲草胺的累积概率分别为8.5%、7.4%和11.1%。这7种大型水生植物可作为相关污染物水质基准研究的受试生物。
위완선보호아국담수생물적수질기준，종44충국내주요수생식물중사선료부평、자평、괴협평、금어조、수상호미조、흑조、저초화비치안자채8충대표성본토대형수생식물，진이삼조미국수질기준수거사선원칙，종ECOTOX등수거고중수집상관독성수거，통과수거분석사선출대대형수생식물독성최대적3충중금속오염물화12충제초제오염물。저15충오염물적물충민감도분포분석현시，7충대형수생식물대오염물표현출고민감성（루적개솔<15%），기중：부평대사화리곡륭적루적개솔분별위4.3%화6.4%，자평대백초고화갑광륭적루적개솔분별위7.8%화11.5%，괴협평대2，4-적이갑알염화이병갑초알적루적개솔분별위8.5%화14.8%，비치안자채대2，4-적、리곡륭화이병갑초알적루적개솔분별위1.2%、2.1%화1.9%，저초대2，4-적화갑광륭적루적개솔분별위10.8%화7.7%，흑조대변밀광륭화불정동적루적개솔분별위12.5%화7.4%，금어조대리곡륭、록화동화이병갑초알적루적개솔분별위8.5%、7.4%화11.1%。저7충대형수생식물가작위상관오염물수질기준연구적수시생물。
Screening of sensitive test aquatic organisms is critical to water quality criteria for aquatic life. Aquatic macrophytes are one of the most important objects for water quality criteria. In the present study, eight native aquatic macrophytes, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrrhiza, Salvinia natans, Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Hydrilla verticillata, Potamogeton crispus, and Potamogeton pectinatus, were obtained based on their geographical locations, availability of toxicity data, and economical and ecological significance. According to the USEPA principles for aquatic life criteria, top 15 pollutants(3 heavy metals and 12 herbicides)were ranked per their toxicities to aquatic macrophytes from the ECOTOX database. Seven aquatic macrophytes showed high sensitivities to pollutants(the cumulative proba-bility was less than 15%). The cumulative probability of Lemna minor to thallium and Linuron was 4.3% and 6.4%; that of Spirodela polyrhiza to paraquat and metsulfuron methyl 7.8%and 11.5%;that of Salvinia natans to N-Methylmethanamine and metolachlor 8.5%and 14.8%; that of Potamogeton pectinatus to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, linuron and metolachlor 1.2%, 2.1% and 1.9%; that of Pota-mogeton crispus to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and metsulfuron methyl 10.8% and 7.7%; that of Hydrilla verticillata to bensulfuron methyl and fluridone 12.5%and 7.4%;and that of Ceratophyllum demersum to linuron, copper chloride and metolachlor 8.5%, 7.4%and 11.1%, respectively. These species could be used as test organisms for development of water quality criteria.