CAJ | 학술논문

通过设置不同生物炭施用量的野外大田小区试验，研究不同处理砂壤土物理性质及水肥的变化规律。试验共设5个处理，3个重复：不施生物炭（CK），生物炭施用量分别为10 t·hm-2（T1）、20 t·hm-2（T2）、40 t·hm-2（T3）、60 t·hm-2（T4）。结果表明：施用生物炭能明显减小土壤容重，增大土壤孔隙度，增加土壤含水率，与对照（CK）相比，耕作层（0~20 cm）土壤容重T4减小最大，0~10 cm减小23%，0~20 cm减小30%；孔隙度T4增加最大，0~10 cm增加14%，0~20 cm增加19%。施用生物炭明显提高了土壤的水分与肥料利用效率，与对照（CK）相比，处理组的水分和肥料利用效率分别最少提高27.7%和87.4%，其中T3增幅最大。生物炭能促进作物生长发育，提高作物产量，本试验番茄产量T3增幅最大，增幅为56.1%。综上所述，生物炭能改变土壤的物理性质，提高水肥利用率，减少肥料淋失，其中T3在这些指标中增幅最为明显，因此40 t·hm-2生物炭用量是改良砂壤土最为合适的用量。
통과설치불동생물탄시용량적야외대전소구시험，연구불동처리사양토물이성질급수비적변화규률。시험공설5개처리，3개중복：불시생물탄（CK），생물탄시용량분별위10 t·hm-2（T1）、20 t·hm-2（T2）、40 t·hm-2（T3）、60 t·hm-2（T4）。결과표명：시용생물탄능명현감소토양용중，증대토양공극도，증가토양함수솔，여대조（CK）상비，경작층（0~20 cm）토양용중T4감소최대，0~10 cm감소23%，0~20 cm감소30%；공극도T4증가최대，0~10 cm증가14%，0~20 cm증가19%。시용생물탄명현제고료토양적수분여비료이용효솔，여대조（CK）상비，처리조적수분화비료이용효솔분별최소제고27.7%화87.4%，기중T3증폭최대。생물탄능촉진작물생장발육，제고작물산량，본시험번가산량T3증폭최대，증폭위56.1%。종상소술，생물탄능개변토양적물이성질，제고수비이용솔，감소비료림실，기중T3재저사지표중증폭최위명현，인차40 t·hm-2생물탄용량시개량사양토최위합괄적용량。
Biochar added to soil has the potential to hold water and retain nutrients. However, the effects of biochar on soil water and nutri-ent utilization efficiencies were not well understood. A field experiment was carried out to examine changes of physical properties and water and nutrient bearing capability of sandy loam under different application rates of biochar. The experiment had 5 treatments with 3 replica-tion, including no biochar(CK), 10 t·hm-2(T1), 20 t·hm-2(T2), 40 t·hm-2(T3)and 60 t·hm-2 of biochar(T4). Application of biochar re-duced soil bulk density, but increased soil porosity and moisture content. Such effects were found to be the greatest in the T4 treatment, in which bulk density was reduced by 23%in 0~10 cm, and by 30%in 0~20 cm, while the porosity was increased by 14%in 0~10 cm, and by 19%in 0~20 cm as compared with the control. Biochar addition enhanced soil water and nutrient utilization efficiency by at least 27.7%and 87.4%, respectively. Also, biochar improved tomato growth and yield, with the greatest effects observed in the T3 treatment, a 56.1%incre-ment over the control. In conclusion, biochar could improve soil physical properties, increase utilization efficiency of soil water and nutri-ents. The optimum biochar rate would be 40 t·hm-2 for sandy loam.