CAJ | 학술논문

以河北石家庄大河实验站玉米-小麦轮作系统为研究对象，应用RZWQM模型对玉米季土壤剖面水分和硝态氮含量、硝态氮淋溶和氨挥发特征以及作物产量进行模拟，提出控制硝态氮淋溶的玉米施肥方案。设置冬小麦-夏玉米轮作周期施氮量分别为575、400、215、0 kg·hm-24个处理，应用轮作周期施氮量为575 kg·hm-2处理玉米季土壤剖面含水量、硝态氮和产量数据进行模型参数率定，应用其他3个施肥处理进行模型参数的验证。结果表明：率定与验证过程中土壤剖面含水量均方根误差方差分别为0.0036、0.0106 cm3·cm-3，4个处理土壤剖面硝态氮RMSE分别为6.56、7.30、3.64、1.53 mg·kg-1。在模型参数率定和验证的基础上，开展了RZWQM模型对轮作制度下玉米季土壤硝态氮淋溶和氮挥发的预测，虽然预测结果与实际值存在偏差，但在总体上RZWQM模型可以较好地模拟华北石家庄地区土壤剖面水氮的迁移转化，并且可为日后进一步准确预测和估算更大地区的土壤硝态氮淋溶提供一种便捷可靠的方法。
이하북석가장대하실험참옥미-소맥륜작계통위연구대상，응용RZWQM모형대옥미계토양부면수분화초태담함량、초태담림용화안휘발특정이급작물산량진행모의，제출공제초태담림용적옥미시비방안。설치동소맥-하옥미륜작주기시담량분별위575、400、215、0 kg·hm-24개처리，응용륜작주기시담량위575 kg·hm-2처리옥미계토양부면함수량、초태담화산량수거진행모형삼수솔정，응용기타3개시비처리진행모형삼수적험증。결과표명：솔정여험증과정중토양부면함수량균방근오차방차분별위0.0036、0.0106 cm3·cm-3，4개처리토양부면초태담RMSE분별위6.56、7.30、3.64、1.53 mg·kg-1。재모형삼수솔정화험증적기출상，개전료RZWQM모형대륜작제도하옥미계토양초태담림용화담휘발적예측，수연예측결과여실제치존재편차，단재총체상RZWQM모형가이교호지모의화북석가장지구토양부면수담적천이전화，병차가위일후진일보준학예측화고산경대지구적토양초태담림용제공일충편첩가고적방법。
This study simulated the relationship between soil nitrogen leaching and crop yield in North China Plain using Root Zone Water Quality Model(RZWQM), and the feasibility of model to optimize fertilization was also explored. A rotation trial of winter wheat-summer maize was conducted on Dahe experiment station in Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Four nitrogen treatments were used, including 575 kg·hm-2(N3), 400 kg·hm-2(N2), 215 kg·hm-2(N1), and 0 kg·hm-2(N0). Water contents and nitrogen concentrations in different layers of soil profile from the N3 treatment were used for model calibration, and the data obtained from three other treatments were used for model validation. The calibration and validation results showed the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)of water contents in soil profile were 0.003 6 cm3·cm-3 and 0.010 6 cm3·cm-3 , and nitrate RMSEs of N3, N2, N1 and N0 treatments were 6.56 mg·kg-1, 7.30 mg·kg-1, 3.64 mg·kg-1 and 1.53 mg·kg-1, respectively. We further predicted the dynamics of nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization during summer maize using the model param-eters. The results revealed that the amount of nitrate leaching and ammonia volatilization reduced significantly as the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer was decreased during the cultivation, and that this model is an efficient tool to predict nitrate leaching in soil profile during crop cultivation in North China Plain even though there was slight deviation in prediction.