CAJ | 학술논문

为筛选出适合于温室土壤酸化评估的pH测定方法，以温室中常见的褐土、潮土和水稻土为研究对象，设置不同的KNO3和复合肥（N-P2O5-K2O,15%-15%-15%）梯度，用五种方法：水浸提测定pH（pHw）、0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2浸提测定pH[pH（CaCl2）]、饱和泥浆测定pH（pHw”）、田间浓度模拟测定pH[pH（salt）]以及石灰位（pHw-0.5pCa），测定各处理土壤的pH值，并对添加KNO3和复合肥后土壤的酸化状况进行评估。结果表明，KNO3累积在土壤中，虽然没有引入H+，却使pHw下降0.34~1.41个单位，盐分含量越高， pH下降程度越大；复合肥施入土壤中，氮肥转化过程中净释放H+，加之盐分积累的影响，导致pHw下降0.78~2.01个单位。对于其余四种pH测定方法，KNO3使pH（CaCl2）、pHw”、pH（salt）、pHw-0.5pCa分别下降了0~0.06、0.36~0.64、0.17~0.74、0.07~0.19个单位，复合肥使pH（CaCl2）、pHw”、pH（salt）、pHw-0.5pCa分别下降了0.28~1.49、0.51~1.87、0.57~1.89、0.53~1.56个单位。因此，温室中有盐分积累时，若用pHw作为酸化评判标准，计算质子引入量，不考虑盐分的影响，会高估土壤的酸化速率。五种pH测定方法中，pH （CaCl2）与pHw-0.5pCa值比较稳定，受土壤盐分含量影响较小。考虑到盐分积累对pH测定的影响、土壤酸化评估的准确程度以及测定的简易程度，认为pH（CaCl2）与pHw-0.5pCa是用于温室土壤酸化评估的最佳选择。
위사선출괄합우온실토양산화평고적pH측정방법，이온실중상견적갈토、조토화수도토위연구대상，설치불동적KNO3화복합비（N-P2O5-K2O,15%-15%-15%）제도，용오충방법：수침제측정pH（pHw）、0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2침제측정pH[pH（CaCl2）]、포화니장측정pH（pHw”）、전간농도모의측정pH[pH（salt）]이급석회위（pHw-0.5pCa），측정각처리토양적pH치，병대첨가KNO3화복합비후토양적산화상황진행평고。결과표명，KNO3루적재토양중，수연몰유인입H+，각사pHw하강0.34~1.41개단위，염분함량월고， pH하강정도월대；복합비시입토양중，담비전화과정중정석방H+，가지염분적루적영향，도치pHw하강0.78~2.01개단위。대우기여사충pH측정방법，KNO3사pH（CaCl2）、pHw”、pH（salt）、pHw-0.5pCa분별하강료0~0.06、0.36~0.64、0.17~0.74、0.07~0.19개단위，복합비사pH（CaCl2）、pHw”、pH（salt）、pHw-0.5pCa분별하강료0.28~1.49、0.51~1.87、0.57~1.89、0.53~1.56개단위。인차，온실중유염분적루시，약용pHw작위산화평판표준，계산질자인입량，불고필염분적영향，회고고토양적산화속솔。오충pH측정방법중，pH （CaCl2）여pHw-0.5pCa치비교은정，수토양염분함량영향교소。고필도염분적루대pH측정적영향、토양산화평고적준학정도이급측정적간역정도，인위pH（CaCl2）여pHw-0.5pCa시용우온실토양산화평고적최가선택。
Five methods for pH determination were compared to seek an optimal assessment method of greenhouse soil acidification. Various amounts of KNO3 were added to obtain soils with a series of salinity without introducing foreign H+, while compound fertilizer(N-P2O5-K2O, 15%-15%-15%)was applied to get soils with a series of salinity with foreign H+inputs. These soils were subjected to incubation in green-house for three months. After that, soil pH was determined in distilled water without CO2(pHw), 0.01 mol·L-1 CaCl2 solution[pH(CaCl2)], saturated paste(pHw”), various concentrations of CaCl2 solution equal to salt concentration in field moist soil solution[pH(salt)], and lime potential(pHw-0.5pCa). The pHw, pH(CaCl2), pHw”, pH(salt), and pHw-0.5pCa values dropped by 0.02~1.41, 0~0.06, 0.36~0.64, 0.17~0.74, and 0.07~0.19 unit by KNO3 addition, and by 0.78~2.01, 0.28~1.49, 0.51~1.87, 0.57~1.89, and 0.53~1.56 unit by compound fertilizer addition , respectively . Hence , the pHw method over- estimated net acid addition and acidification in greenhouse systems . pH(CaCl2)and pHw-0.5pCa would be the best methods for assessment of greenhouse soil acidification.