农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
20期
28-33
,共6页
熊本海%杨亮%曹沛%潘晓花%王明利
熊本海%楊亮%曹沛%潘曉花%王明利
웅본해%양량%조패%반효화%왕명리
饲喂%控制系统%智能系统%哺乳母猪%储料仓%触发器
飼餵%控製繫統%智能繫統%哺乳母豬%儲料倉%觸髮器
사위%공제계통%지능계통%포유모저%저료창%촉발기
feeding%control systems%intelligent systems%lactation sow%storage silo%laying-off trigger
随着中国规模化、集约化种猪场数字化智能饲喂需求的快速增加，为解决哺乳母猪少吃多餐且随哺乳日龄变化采食量动态增加的饲喂控制需求，该研究以哺乳母猪为试验对象，将机电系统、无线网络技术、Android技术、SQL Lite网络数据库、电子数据交换与哺乳母猪的营养供给模型集成起来，设计了一种哺乳母猪自动饲喂控制智能系统。研究结果表明，组成一个哺乳母猪智能系统的主要部件包括供料线、缓冲料仓、料位控制筒、料位调控杆、下料控制线管、螺旋输送机、中央控制箱、下料触发器、料槽及下料管道等，而且通过在系统的微处理器内存预设的采食量模型与雨刷电机精确旋转的电子控制技术相结合，实现了对预设饲喂量的准确投料；还通过储料仓的料位控制机构及设置的人工观察孔，可控制缓冲料仓的合理贮料量，尤其对泌乳早期（0～10 d）母猪的存贮料量最佳为大约10 d单头母猪的理论采食量，以保持日粮的新鲜度及减少结拱；预设的采食量的动态投料控制量基本符合哺乳母猪实际采食变化规律，且实际采食量的变化轨迹收敛于对数曲线。基于智能自动饲喂系统中采食量模型计算出不同泌乳日期的预测采食量，按4次/d 的饲喂频率及变化的投料比例（30%，25%，25%及20%）进行定时与定量投喂，与人工饲喂对比，能显著促进哺乳仔猪采食量的增加（P＜0.05），以及极显著提高哺乳仔猪的平均体质量日增加量（P＜0.01）。此外，考虑安装、清理料槽及母猪采食的方便性，建议母猪饲喂器的触发器安装高度大约为10 cm。总之，该文设计的哺乳母猪电子自动饲喂系统无需传感器及电子标识技术的应用，适合在中国中、小型的种猪繁育场的哺乳舍推广应用,且系统设备及相应的软件系统的部署方便。进一步指出，母猪自动饲喂器除需要验证哺乳母猪的采食特性及哺乳的仔猪的断奶性能外，在未来还需要观察母猪的返情率甚至断奶商品猪的成活率等指标，从整个母猪的利用年限评价智能饲喂设备的优劣。
隨著中國規模化、集約化種豬場數字化智能飼餵需求的快速增加，為解決哺乳母豬少喫多餐且隨哺乳日齡變化採食量動態增加的飼餵控製需求，該研究以哺乳母豬為試驗對象，將機電繫統、無線網絡技術、Android技術、SQL Lite網絡數據庫、電子數據交換與哺乳母豬的營養供給模型集成起來，設計瞭一種哺乳母豬自動飼餵控製智能繫統。研究結果錶明，組成一箇哺乳母豬智能繫統的主要部件包括供料線、緩遲料倉、料位控製筒、料位調控桿、下料控製線管、螺鏇輸送機、中央控製箱、下料觸髮器、料槽及下料管道等，而且通過在繫統的微處理器內存預設的採食量模型與雨刷電機精確鏇轉的電子控製技術相結閤，實現瞭對預設飼餵量的準確投料；還通過儲料倉的料位控製機構及設置的人工觀察孔，可控製緩遲料倉的閤理貯料量，尤其對泌乳早期（0～10 d）母豬的存貯料量最佳為大約10 d單頭母豬的理論採食量，以保持日糧的新鮮度及減少結拱；預設的採食量的動態投料控製量基本符閤哺乳母豬實際採食變化規律，且實際採食量的變化軌跡收斂于對數麯線。基于智能自動飼餵繫統中採食量模型計算齣不同泌乳日期的預測採食量，按4次/d 的飼餵頻率及變化的投料比例（30%，25%，25%及20%）進行定時與定量投餵，與人工飼餵對比，能顯著促進哺乳仔豬採食量的增加（P＜0.05），以及極顯著提高哺乳仔豬的平均體質量日增加量（P＜0.01）。此外，攷慮安裝、清理料槽及母豬採食的方便性，建議母豬飼餵器的觸髮器安裝高度大約為10 cm。總之，該文設計的哺乳母豬電子自動飼餵繫統無需傳感器及電子標識技術的應用，適閤在中國中、小型的種豬繁育場的哺乳捨推廣應用,且繫統設備及相應的軟件繫統的部署方便。進一步指齣，母豬自動飼餵器除需要驗證哺乳母豬的採食特性及哺乳的仔豬的斷奶性能外，在未來還需要觀察母豬的返情率甚至斷奶商品豬的成活率等指標，從整箇母豬的利用年限評價智能飼餵設備的優劣。
수착중국규모화、집약화충저장수자화지능사위수구적쾌속증가，위해결포유모저소흘다찬차수포유일령변화채식량동태증가적사위공제수구，해연구이포유모저위시험대상，장궤전계통、무선망락기술、Android기술、SQL Lite망락수거고、전자수거교환여포유모저적영양공급모형집성기래，설계료일충포유모저자동사위공제지능계통。연구결과표명，조성일개포유모저지능계통적주요부건포괄공료선、완충료창、료위공제통、료위조공간、하료공제선관、라선수송궤、중앙공제상、하료촉발기、료조급하료관도등，이차통과재계통적미처리기내존예설적채식량모형여우쇄전궤정학선전적전자공제기술상결합，실현료대예설사위량적준학투료；환통과저료창적료위공제궤구급설치적인공관찰공，가공제완충료창적합리저료량，우기대비유조기（0～10 d）모저적존저료량최가위대약10 d단두모저적이론채식량，이보지일량적신선도급감소결공；예설적채식량적동태투료공제량기본부합포유모저실제채식변화규률，차실제채식량적변화궤적수렴우대수곡선。기우지능자동사위계통중채식량모형계산출불동비유일기적예측채식량，안4차/d 적사위빈솔급변화적투료비례（30%，25%，25%급20%）진행정시여정량투위，여인공사위대비，능현저촉진포유자저채식량적증가（P＜0.05），이급겁현저제고포유자저적평균체질량일증가량（P＜0.01）。차외，고필안장、청리료조급모저채식적방편성，건의모저사위기적촉발기안장고도대약위10 cm。총지，해문설계적포유모저전자자동사위계통무수전감기급전자표식기술적응용，괄합재중국중、소형적충저번육장적포유사추엄응용,차계통설비급상응적연건계통적부서방편。진일보지출，모저자동사위기제수요험증포유모저적채식특성급포유적자저적단내성능외，재미래환수요관찰모저적반정솔심지단내상품저적성활솔등지표，종정개모저적이용년한평개지능사위설비적우렬。
With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive breeding pig farms in China, the demand for digital intelligent feeding equipment has been increased. In order to realize precise feeding, and to meet the requirements of small intake with more times and dynamically adjusting feed intake based on lactation days, one automatic electro-mechanical feeding control systems of lactating sows was designed in this study. In the system, the electro-mechanical systems, wireless network technology, mobile Structured Query Language Lite network database, and electronic data interchange were integrated with feed intake prediction models of lactating sow nutrient requirements. This intelligent feeding system included main parts of feed supply line, buffer feed bin, feed level control tube, feed level control hand shank, feed level viewing port, feeding control line tube, screw conveyer, center control integrated box, laying-off trigger, feed containing groove and feed flowing tube. The system integrated predetermined ration intake prediction models of nursing sows into microprocessor memory, and combined wiper motor’s precise electronic control technology to realize the precise control of diet feeding. Results showed that the total residual of daily feed for each sow was less than 50 g. In the system, the level indicator and artificial observation hole in storage silo were used to keep feed fresh and to reduce arch, and the advised feed storage was 10 times as much as the predicted daily feed intake for sows in early lactation; Besides, the predefined dynamic feeding system could meet the requirement of feed intake by the 28 days lactating sows, and the feed intake curve was converged to the logarithm curve. A 28-d feeding experiment was conducted with a total of 531 piglets divided into 1 test group and 3 control groups. Each group had farrowing parities of 30, 36, 12, and 20 respectively. The pigelets were fed with the pre-set feed amount calculated by the feed intake prediction models in system for 4 times per day with ratio in feed of 30%, 25%, 25% and 20%, The results demonstrated that the piglets in test group had more feed intake (P<0.05) and higher average daily gain (P<0.01) compared with other 3 control groups. Taking the convenience of installation, trough clearing and feed ingestion into consideration, the install height of the laying-off trigger was suggested to be about 10 cm beyond the bottom of feed trough. This height is very convenient to install the feeding equipment and to connect with the related software systems. In conclusion, the designed electronic automatic feeding system of lactation sows adopts electro-mechanical integrate system and can work without sensors and electronic identification system such as Radio Frequency Identification Device. It is easy to operate and maintain, and feasible for use in common breeding sow farms. Additonally, it takes lower cost compared with expensive import devices as USA Osborne, France Elistar and the Netherlands Velos sow feeding devices, and thus is suitable for small and medium sow breeding farms. However, more studies are needed to verify the sows’ feed intake characteristic and weaning piglets’ performances, and to evaluate the performance of the proposed intelligent feeding system based on indicators such as estrus returning rate and survival rate of commercial pigs in life cycle of pigs.
