农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
19期
273-281
,共9页
王聪%王淑莹%张淼%唐裕芳%曾薇%彭永臻
王聰%王淑瑩%張淼%唐裕芳%曾薇%彭永臻
왕총%왕숙형%장묘%당유방%증미%팽영진
污水%脱氮%污水处理%A2/O-生物接触氧化工艺%脱氮除磷%物料平衡%硝化液回流比
汙水%脫氮%汙水處理%A2/O-生物接觸氧化工藝%脫氮除燐%物料平衡%硝化液迴流比
오수%탈담%오수처리%A2/O-생물접촉양화공예%탈담제린%물료평형%초화액회류비
sewage%denitrification%sewage treatment%A2/O-biological contact oxidation (BCO) combined process%nitrogen and phosphorus removal%material balance%nitrate recycling ratio
为了提高低碳氮比污水的治理效果，提出了厌氧/缺氧/好氧-生物接触氧化脱氮除磷工艺（anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological contact oxidation，A2/O-BCO），研究了该工艺处理生活污水的脱氮除磷性能，建立了该系统处理过程的碳（以化学需氧量计，chemical oxygen demand，COD）、氮、磷的物料衡算公式，同时分析评价了不同硝化液回流比（100%，200%，300%，400%）下各指标的物料平衡情况。结果表明，该工艺在充分利用原水碳源、深度脱氮除磷方面具有较强的优势，系统COD主要在A2/O中厌氧段被利用，通过反硝化聚磷菌反硝化除磷脱氮；系统COD的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分别为96.4%、99.6%、98.7%和98.3%，氮的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分别为99.7%、98.2%、99.2%和96.5%，磷的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分别为92.0%、98.1%、93.3%和90.4%；荧光原位杂交表明生物膜中有厌氧氨氧化菌存在，且其数量占全菌比例的0.6%~2.7%，生物接触氧化的氮损失可能是由于发生了厌氧氨氧化反应；在硝化液回流比为300%时，系统氮、磷去除效果最好，出水达到国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准一级A标准。该研究有助于更好地理解和分析工艺系统有机物、氮和磷的分布及变化情况，并且为评价试验数据的可靠性以及数学模型的建立提供了理论依据和指导，能更好地推广到分散型、量小且日变化系数较大的农村生活污水的治理事业中。
為瞭提高低碳氮比汙水的治理效果，提齣瞭厭氧/缺氧/好氧-生物接觸氧化脫氮除燐工藝（anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological contact oxidation，A2/O-BCO），研究瞭該工藝處理生活汙水的脫氮除燐性能，建立瞭該繫統處理過程的碳（以化學需氧量計，chemical oxygen demand，COD）、氮、燐的物料衡算公式，同時分析評價瞭不同硝化液迴流比（100%，200%，300%，400%）下各指標的物料平衡情況。結果錶明，該工藝在充分利用原水碳源、深度脫氮除燐方麵具有較彊的優勢，繫統COD主要在A2/O中厭氧段被利用，通過反硝化聚燐菌反硝化除燐脫氮；繫統COD的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分彆為96.4%、99.6%、98.7%和98.3%，氮的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分彆為99.7%、98.2%、99.2%和96.5%，燐的物料衡算公式平衡百分比分彆為92.0%、98.1%、93.3%和90.4%；熒光原位雜交錶明生物膜中有厭氧氨氧化菌存在，且其數量佔全菌比例的0.6%~2.7%，生物接觸氧化的氮損失可能是由于髮生瞭厭氧氨氧化反應；在硝化液迴流比為300%時，繫統氮、燐去除效果最好，齣水達到國傢城鎮汙水處理廠汙染物排放標準一級A標準。該研究有助于更好地理解和分析工藝繫統有機物、氮和燐的分佈及變化情況，併且為評價試驗數據的可靠性以及數學模型的建立提供瞭理論依據和指導，能更好地推廣到分散型、量小且日變化繫數較大的農村生活汙水的治理事業中。
위료제고저탄담비오수적치리효과，제출료염양/결양/호양-생물접촉양화탈담제린공예（anaerobic anoxic oxic-biological contact oxidation，A2/O-BCO），연구료해공예처리생활오수적탈담제린성능，건립료해계통처리과정적탄（이화학수양량계，chemical oxygen demand，COD）、담、린적물료형산공식，동시분석평개료불동초화액회류비（100%，200%，300%，400%）하각지표적물료평형정황。결과표명，해공예재충분이용원수탄원、심도탈담제린방면구유교강적우세，계통COD주요재A2/O중염양단피이용，통과반초화취린균반초화제린탈담；계통COD적물료형산공식평형백분비분별위96.4%、99.6%、98.7%화98.3%，담적물료형산공식평형백분비분별위99.7%、98.2%、99.2%화96.5%，린적물료형산공식평형백분비분별위92.0%、98.1%、93.3%화90.4%；형광원위잡교표명생물막중유염양안양화균존재，차기수량점전균비례적0.6%~2.7%，생물접촉양화적담손실가능시유우발생료염양안양화반응；재초화액회류비위300%시，계통담、린거제효과최호，출수체도국가성진오수처리엄오염물배방표준일급A표준。해연구유조우경호지리해화분석공예계통유궤물、담화린적분포급변화정황，병차위평개시험수거적가고성이급수학모형적건립제공료이론의거화지도，능경호지추엄도분산형、량소차일변화계수교대적농촌생활오수적치리사업중。
Increasingly stringent discharge standards make it necessary to research and develop a new processes that have the advantages of relatively high efficiency, less land occupation, investigated savings, easy management, and maintenance for nutrient removal from the domestic sewage. An enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal system was developed to treat domestic sewage, especially for the sewage with comparatively low carbon source and high nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The system included an integrating anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) reactor and a biological contact oxidation (BCO) (A2/O-BCO for short). The A2/O unit consisted of four compartments in sequence with a working volume of 40L. It was mainly used for the removal of organic compounds and nutrients without ammonium oxidation, while the BCO unit was mainly responsible for nitrification. The BCO unit, with 24L working volume, consisted of three compartments in sequence, where suspended carriers were filled in it, with packing rates of 45% in each zone. The removal of biological nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were investigated in an A2/O-BCO nitrogen and phosphorus removal process when treating domestic sewage. The experiment was carried out with the influent flow at a rate of 5L/h, total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of A2O about 8 h, sludge reflux ratio of 100%, sludge retention time (SRT) of 12d, MLSS maintained at 3500 mg/L, total HRT of BCO about 1.9 h, DO should be controlled within a reasonable range, and nitrate recycling ratios were set as 100%, 200%, 300%, and 400%respectively. Based on the experimental data under steady state operating conditions of different nitrate recycling ratios, the equations for calculating material balances of COD, nitrogen, and phosphate were established. These three material distributions in the system were also evaluated. The result indicated that the process has an advantage of making full use of the raw water carbon and removing biological nitrogen and phosphorus deeply. With the nitrate recycling ratios of 100%, 200%, 300%, and 400% conditions, the system COD was mainly utilized in the anaerobic stage in A2/O reactor, and removal percentages of total COD were 78.5%, 71.8%, 57.9%, and 71.1%respsectively. Nitrogen removal was mainly achieved by denitrifying in the phosphorus removal process by denitrifying phosphorus bacteria. The denitrification removal ratios of the total amount were 28.0%, 35.7%, 48.5%, and 33.9%, respectively. Phosphorus removal was mainly achieved by the discharge of excess sludge, where the amount of phosphorus percentages of total were 78.0%, 88.4%, 84.3%, and 85.4%respectively. Under the different nitrate recycling ratios, COD balance ratios were 96.4%, 99.6%, 98.7%, and 98.3%, nitrogen balance ratios were 99.7%, 98.2%, 99.2%, and 96.5%, and phosphorus balance ratios were 92.0%, 98.1%, 93.3%, and 90.4%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the anammox bacteria existed in the biofilm of BCO, and its proportion of the total bacterial number was 0.6~2.7%. The nitrogen loss may be due to the occurrence of the anammox reaction. The amount of denitrifying phosphorus increased slightly with the nitrate recycling ratio improved. But it is essential to control nitrate recycling ratio in the appropriate range to ensure nitrogen removal efficiency. The system achieved the best removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus when the nitrate recycling ratio was set as 300%, in which the average concentrations of TN and TP were 14.96 mg/L and 0.49 mg/L respectively in the effluent, which met the class of a limit (GB18918-2002) of the discharge standards. This study not only contributes to a better understanding and analysis of distribution and changes about organics, nitrogen and phosphorus in process systems, but also provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the reliability evaluation of the of the experimental data by building a mathematical model. The combined A2/O-BCO process will get a better promotion in treating domestic wastewater, especially the rural domestic wastewater with the universal features of small quantity, scattered distribution, and water fluctuation.
