农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
19期
232-239
,共8页
邱仲华%宋明军%王吉庆%张学斌%刘华%孟铁男%宋远佞
邱仲華%宋明軍%王吉慶%張學斌%劉華%孟鐵男%宋遠佞
구중화%송명군%왕길경%장학빈%류화%맹철남%송원녕
温室%太阳能%组装%太阳能双效温室%集热器%蓄热水池%双源热泵
溫室%太暘能%組裝%太暘能雙效溫室%集熱器%蓄熱水池%雙源熱泵
온실%태양능%조장%태양능쌍효온실%집열기%축열수지%쌍원열빙
greenhouses%solar energy%assembly%solar double effect greenhouse%heat collector%thermal storage pool%the dual heat source pump
为解决目前日光温室普遍存在的设备简陋、环境调控与抗寒防病能力差、土地利用率与劳动生产效率低的问题，建造了组装式太阳能双效温室并进行试验。该文分别选择内保温和外保温太阳能双效温室（温室内配置太阳能集热器、蓄热水池和热泵机组在内的太阳能热泵系统）测试其保温降湿性能和增产效果，主要测试指标为空气最低温度、日平均温度、光照度、空气相对湿度，种植作物的单株产量、单位面积产量。测试结果表明：内保温组装式太阳能双效温室室内最低气温都在9℃以上，与对照温室相比，1月份试验温室室内平均气温提高3.4℃，1月份室内平均最低气温提高4.0℃；外保温太阳能双效温室1月份室内平均最低气温为12.5℃，空气相对湿度控制在80%以下，比对照温室室内温度提高3.8℃，蔬菜增产19%～55%。组装式太阳能双效温室改善了温室的环境条件，提升了日光温室抗寒防病和增产增收的能力，该温室的研究与应用为中国北方同类地区提供借鉴与参考。
為解決目前日光溫室普遍存在的設備簡陋、環境調控與抗寒防病能力差、土地利用率與勞動生產效率低的問題，建造瞭組裝式太暘能雙效溫室併進行試驗。該文分彆選擇內保溫和外保溫太暘能雙效溫室（溫室內配置太暘能集熱器、蓄熱水池和熱泵機組在內的太暘能熱泵繫統）測試其保溫降濕性能和增產效果，主要測試指標為空氣最低溫度、日平均溫度、光照度、空氣相對濕度，種植作物的單株產量、單位麵積產量。測試結果錶明：內保溫組裝式太暘能雙效溫室室內最低氣溫都在9℃以上，與對照溫室相比，1月份試驗溫室室內平均氣溫提高3.4℃，1月份室內平均最低氣溫提高4.0℃；外保溫太暘能雙效溫室1月份室內平均最低氣溫為12.5℃，空氣相對濕度控製在80%以下，比對照溫室室內溫度提高3.8℃，蔬菜增產19%～55%。組裝式太暘能雙效溫室改善瞭溫室的環境條件，提升瞭日光溫室抗寒防病和增產增收的能力，該溫室的研究與應用為中國北方同類地區提供藉鑒與參攷。
위해결목전일광온실보편존재적설비간루、배경조공여항한방병능력차、토지이용솔여노동생산효솔저적문제，건조료조장식태양능쌍효온실병진행시험。해문분별선택내보온화외보온태양능쌍효온실（온실내배치태양능집열기、축열수지화열빙궤조재내적태양능열빙계통）측시기보온강습성능화증산효과，주요측시지표위공기최저온도、일평균온도、광조도、공기상대습도，충식작물적단주산량、단위면적산량。측시결과표명：내보온조장식태양능쌍효온실실내최저기온도재9℃이상，여대조온실상비，1월빈시험온실실내평균기온제고3.4℃，1월빈실내평균최저기온제고4.0℃；외보온태양능쌍효온실1월빈실내평균최저기온위12.5℃，공기상대습도공제재80%이하，비대조온실실내온도제고3.8℃，소채증산19%～55%。조장식태양능쌍효온실개선료온실적배경조건，제승료일광온실항한방병화증산증수적능력，해온실적연구여응용위중국북방동류지구제공차감여삼고。
In order to solve the common problems in existing solar greenhouses such as simple equipment, poor environmental regulation and cold prevention ability, as well as low land utilization rate and labor productivity, a new type of greenhouse, the assembly type solar double effect greenhouse was built and researched. There are two kinds of structures for the assembly type of the solar double effect greenhouse: internal insulation greenhouse and external insulation greenhouse. Internal insulation warehouse has two layer frames with single layer film covering each layer frame, in addition, one layer of heat preservation quilt is placed between the two layer frames to insulate and preserve heat energy during the night. The external insulation greenhouse has a structure of transparent Polycarbonate sandwich plate as its back half roof and back wall. In winter time, thermal insulation material is filled in the interlayer to preserve heat, in the meantime, the heat preservation quilt is covered on the front half roof, it changed the old way of an opaque back wall and an opaque back half roof in the previous greenhouse. Both the internal and the external insulation greenhouses are fully transparent greenhouses with galvanizing steel structures as framework. A solar energy source heat pump system is assembled in the greenhouse, it includes a solar heat collector, thermal storage pool and the heat pump, with water as its medium, it uses the solar heat collector to convert solar energy into heat energy and it is stored in thermal storage pool. When it is cold, the solar heat collector converts the heat energy stored in the heated water to the greenhouse. When the stored heated water is too cold to provide heat energy, the heat pump is started to convert the low grade heat energy to high grade heat energy, to provide heat energy to the greenhouse. The heat pump can also convert the steam and redundant heat energy in the air into heated water and it is stored in the thermal storage pool, so as to adjust the air temperature and moisture in the greenhouse automatically thus achieving double effects. In this paper, insulation moisture performance and the yield increasing effect are mainly researched for the assembly type of the solar double effect greenhouse. The test was processed from Dec. 2012 to Jan. 2013. The main test indexes are, air minimum temperature, daily average temperature, light intensity, relative air humidity, crops yield per plant and yield per unit area. The test results show:For the internal insulation greenhouse, the minimum temperature of the testing greenhouse was always over 9℃. Compared to the reference greenhouse, during Jan. 2013, the average temperature increased 3.4℃, the monthly average minimum temperature increased 4.0℃, and the monthly average relative air humidity was below 80%, thus achieved a 70%reduction in the incidence of vegetables. For the external insulation greenhouse, the average minimum temperature of the testing greenhouse was 12.5℃, the relative air humidity was below 80%, and the average temperature increased 3.8℃compare to the reference greenhouse. The temperature was 27.7℃higher than outside of the greenhouse (-15.2℃), the yield of the planting vegetables increased 19%-55%. The conclusion is, the assembly type of the solar double effect greenhouse improved environmental conditions greatly, and improved the capacity of both cold and disease prevention, and increased both production and income. The research and application of this new type of greenhouse are referenced for similar areas in northern China.
