CAJ | 학술논문

为明确磁化水灌溉对水稻生长发育、产量形成和品质的影响及其机理，该研究以杂交籼稻中浙优1号和杂交粳稻甬优9号为试验品种，于2012-2013年进行了磁化水（F型变频磁化水处理器的磁场强度为0.2 T）和普通水（CK）灌溉大田试验。结果表明，与CK相比，磁化水灌溉显著增加水稻的有效穗（增幅4.0%～7.9%）、结实率（3.9%～8.7%）和产量（增幅5.2%～9.3%）。2013年，磁化水灌溉提高了水稻的低位分蘖发生率（增幅9.4%～21.5%），增加了孕穗期、灌浆期倒三叶的SPAD值（增幅2.4%～7.8%）和干物质积累量（增幅8.7%～18.8%）；磁化水灌溉显著改善稻米品质，中浙优1号和甬优9号的的垩白粒率分别降低了13.3%和12.0%，垩白度分别降低了11.4%和7.7%，胶稠度分别提高了6.0和4.0 mm，碱消值提高了4.3%和4.8%。该结果为磁化水在水稻生产上的大面积应用提供了科学依据。
위명학자화수관개대수도생장발육、산량형성화품질적영향급기궤리，해연구이잡교선도중절우1호화잡교갱도용우9호위시험품충，우2012-2013년진행료자화수（F형변빈자화수처리기적자장강도위0.2 T）화보통수（CK）관개대전시험。결과표명，여CK상비，자화수관개현저증가수도적유효수（증폭4.0%～7.9%）、결실솔（3.9%～8.7%）화산량（증폭5.2%～9.3%）。2013년，자화수관개제고료수도적저위분얼발생솔（증폭9.4%～21.5%），증가료잉수기、관장기도삼협적SPAD치（증폭2.4%～7.8%）화간물질적루량（증폭8.7%～18.8%）；자화수관개현저개선도미품질，중절우1호화용우9호적적성백립솔분별강저료13.3%화12.0%，성백도분별강저료11.4%화7.7%，효주도분별제고료6.0화4.0 mm，감소치제고료4.3%화4.8%。해결과위자화수재수도생산상적대면적응용제공료과학의거。
In 2012 and 2013, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of magnetized water irrigation on rice growth, rice population structures, yield formation, and grain quality in China National Rice Research Institute located at Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China. The Zhongzheyou 1 an indica type of hybrid rice and Yongyou 9 a japonica type of hybrid rice were used in the experiment. Split plot design was used with cultivars as the main plots and magnetized water irrigation (MTW) and a control (CK) as the sub-plots. The plots area was 35 m2 and repeated 3 times randomized complete block design. The magnetic instrument (Jinan Yishui Tech. Dev Co. Ltd.) was used in water magnetic treatment. The magnetic field in the instrument has an intensity of 0.2 Tesla, and the irrigation water passed throw the magnetic field at velocity of 1.5 m/s. From transplanting to harvesting the MTW plots were irrigated with the magnetic water, while the CK plots were irrigated with untreated water of same source. From transplanting to heading, the water levels of all plots were kept at the depth of 30-50 mm, while from heading to maturity the water levels were kept at the depth of 30-40 mm, then the plots were drained for 5 days before harvest. The results showed that the grain yield of MTW for Zhongzheyou 1 were 5.2%(2012) and 6.7%(2013) higher (P<0.05) than that of CK. and for Yongyou 9 were 8.8%(2012) and 9.3%(2013) higher (P<0.05) than that of CK. Compared with CK, The MTW increased the lower position tillers. During 14 days to 28 days after transplanting, the average tillers per hill of Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 9 were increased significantly by 9.4% to 21.5% and 13.5% to 21.4%, respectively. Compared with CK, the effective panicle number of MTW for Zhongzheyou 1 were increased by 4.0% (2012) and 6.3% (2013) and Yongyou 9 were increased by 6.2% (2012) and 7.9% (2013). Compared with CK, the grain setting rate of MTW for Zhongzheyou 1 were increased by 3.9%(2012) and 5.3%(2013) and Yongyou 9 were increased by 8.7%(2012) and 5.0%(2013). All these differences were significant at 0.05 probability level. The increased effective panicle number and grain setting rate became dominant factors contributing to the high yield of MTW treated rice. Compared with CK, the chlorophyll value from SPAD chlorophyll meter for MTW of top 3 leaves increased by 2.4% to 7.1% for Zhongzheyou 1 and 2.6% to 7.8% for Yongyou 9. The dry matter accumulation per hectare significantly (P <0.05) increased by 5.7% to 18.8% (Zhongzheyou 1) and 6.2% to 16.5% (Yongyou 9) during booting and milk filling stage. Meanwhile, the MTW significantly (P < 0.05) improved the rice qualities. Compared with CK, the percentage of chalky grain of MTW for both Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 9 were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 13.3%and 12.0%, respectively. The chalkiness of MTW for Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 9 were decreased by 11.4%(P<0.01) and 7.7%(P<0.05), respectively. The gel consistency of MTW for Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 9 were increased (P<0.05) by 6.0 and 4.0 mm, respectively. The alkali spreading value of MTW for Zhongzheyou 1 and Yongyou 9 were increased (P<0.05) by 4.3%and 4.8%, respectively. All of these indictors showed the improved rice qualities from MTW treatment. The results provided a scientific basis for the magnetic water application in the rice production.