CAJ | 학술논문

为调控池塘养殖水质，设计了一种由太阳能动力、絮状污泥吸收释放、水面行走和运行控制等装置组成的池塘移动式太阳能养殖水质调控机。性能测试表明，池塘移动式太阳能水质调控机的光照启动强度为13000 lx，空载运行噪音68 dB，在水面平稳运行的移动速度在0.02～0.03 m/s之间。在光照度13000～52500 lx情况下，絮状污泥吸收释放装置的运行速度和提水量随光照度变化而变化，运行速度在0.13～0.35 m/s 之间，提水量为110～208 m3/h。絮状污泥吸收释放装置设计为可旋转折叠式，通过调节折叠角度，可在水深0.5～2.0 m的池塘中作业，其对絮状污泥的吸收量与吸泥口的距底距离有关，距底距离越小，吸收量越大，在养殖池塘中的适宜距底距离为10～15 cm。池塘移动式太阳能水质调控机的作业范围与连接杆长度和牵引绳固定方式有关，通过调节连接杆长度和牵引绳方向，其运行轨迹可覆盖池塘80%以上水面。在养殖池塘中使用移动式太阳能水质调控机，可显著降低池塘养殖水体中的NH3+-N、NO2--N浓度，提高水体中的总磷浓度，降低池塘底泥沉积物厚度和沉积物中的总氮和活性磷含量。同时还可以分别提高养殖池塘中吃食性和滤食性鱼类产量30%和25%以上，降低养殖饲料系数24%以上。池塘移动式太阳能养殖水质调控机有较高的经济性，每台设备每年可节约电能2400 kW以上。综合试验结果表明，池塘移动式太阳能水质调控机符合中国池塘养殖特点，各项性能指标达到设计要求，具有运行稳定、移动作业面大，水质调控效果好、增产效果显著和节能效果高等特点，可以用于池塘养殖水质调控。
위조공지당양식수질，설계료일충유태양능동력、서상오니흡수석방、수면행주화운행공제등장치조성적지당이동식태양능양식수질조공궤。성능측시표명，지당이동식태양능수질조공궤적광조계동강도위13000 lx，공재운행조음68 dB，재수면평은운행적이동속도재0.02～0.03 m/s지간。재광조도13000～52500 lx정황하，서상오니흡수석방장치적운행속도화제수량수광조도변화이변화，운행속도재0.13～0.35 m/s 지간，제수량위110～208 m3/h。서상오니흡수석방장치설계위가선전절첩식，통과조절절첩각도，가재수심0.5～2.0 m적지당중작업，기대서상오니적흡수량여흡니구적거저거리유관，거저거리월소，흡수량월대，재양식지당중적괄의거저거리위10～15 cm。지당이동식태양능수질조공궤적작업범위여련접간장도화견인승고정방식유관，통과조절련접간장도화견인승방향，기운행궤적가복개지당80%이상수면。재양식지당중사용이동식태양능수질조공궤，가현저강저지당양식수체중적NH3+-N、NO2--N농도，제고수체중적총린농도，강저지당저니침적물후도화침적물중적총담화활성린함량。동시환가이분별제고양식지당중흘식성화려식성어류산량30%화25%이상，강저양식사료계수24%이상。지당이동식태양능양식수질조공궤유교고적경제성，매태설비매년가절약전능2400 kW이상。종합시험결과표명，지당이동식태양능수질조공궤부합중국지당양식특점，각항성능지표체도설계요구，구유운행은정、이동작업면대，수질조공효과호、증산효과현저화절능효과고등특점，가이용우지당양식수질조공。
Pond aquaculture plays a very important role in China's aquaculture industry and is the main source of aquatic product supply. For the regulation and control of pond aquaculture water quality, a movable pond aquaculture water quality regulation machine based on solar energy (SMWM) was designed and the prototype had been manufactured. This machine is solar-powered and can move upon the water, mainly consisted of solar power device, sediment lifting device, water walking device and working control system. The solar power device provides power for the entire machine, while the water walking device drives the whole equipment moving on the water. The sediment lifting device orbits around the main part of the equipment (the solar power device, water walking device and working control system), affecting large area of pond. Tests on the mechanical properties revealed that the minimum illumination of SMWM becoming working was 13 000 lx;The no-load running noise was 68 dB;The moving speed upon the water was 0.02-0.03 m/s. In the illumination intensity of 13 000-52 500 lx, the running speed of the sediment lifting device orbiting around the main part was 0.13-0.35 m/s, the capacity of water delivery was 110-208 m3/h. Illumination intensity was an important factor influencing the moving speed and capacity of water delivery of the sediment lifting device. The stronger of illumination intensity was, the values of moving speed and water delivery capacity higher. The sediment lifting device was foldaway and the angle of suction chamber can be adjusted. By adjusting the angle, the machine can work well in ponds with different water depthes from 0.5 m to 2 m. The sucking sediment performance of sediment lifting device was related to the distance of suction mouth of lifting device to pond bottom. The smaller of the distance was, the more sediment being sucked to the surface water. In aquaculture pond, the most suitable distance was 10-15 cm. Moreover, by adjusting the length of connecting rod and the direction of traction rope, the working area of the machine can be more than 80%. For the water quality, the using of SMWM in pond aquaculture caused decreased TN, NH3+-N and NO2--N concentrations and increased TP concentration in water. The content of TN and available phosphorus in sediment was reduced. These findings implied that the SMWM could promote the transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in water. In addition, results from fish production showed that the SMWM caused the yields of feed-eating fish and filter-feeding fish enhanced by more than 30% and 25%, respectively. The feed coefficient of the feed-eating fish was decreased by more than 24%. In an entire aquaculture period, the machine saved the electrical power by more than 2 400 kW. These results indicated that the SMWM might be suitable for pond aquaculture in China. Its structure and working performance had met the design requirement. The SMWM possesses the advantages of stable operation, large working area, good water quality regulation effect and notable yield-increasing effect. Applying this machine in pond aquaculture for the regulation and control of water quality is feasible.