CAJ | 학술논문

为研究德系西门塔尔牛在中原农区改良本地西门塔尔杂交牛的杂交效果，为养牛业生产提供科学理论依据。本研究选择500头商丘本地西杂牛为母本，以德系西门塔尔牛(Fleckvieh)为父本，采用人工授精的方法进行杂交改良。测定杂交一代(F1)和二代(F2)各阶段的生长性能、屠宰性能、产奶性能、乳成分等各项指标。结果表明，杂交后代初生时的各项生长性能指标与西杂牛无明显差异，随着年龄的增长，杂交后代的体尺、体重在一定程度上超过西杂牛；F1和F2代公牛的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率均不同程度高于LSC牛，牛肉的品级提高；产奶量显著增加(P<0.05)，乳品质较高。说明以德系西门塔尔牛为父本改良本地西杂牛不仅可以提高杂交后代的生长性能、屠宰性能，还可以显著改善其泌乳性能，使杂交后代由单一的肉用型转变为乳肉兼用型，提高肉牛养殖的经济效益。
위연구덕계서문탑이우재중원농구개량본지서문탑이잡교우적잡교효과，위양우업생산제공과학이론의거。본연구선택500두상구본지서잡우위모본，이덕계서문탑이우(Fleckvieh)위부본，채용인공수정적방법진행잡교개량。측정잡교일대(F1)화이대(F2)각계단적생장성능、도재성능、산내성능、유성분등각항지표。결과표명，잡교후대초생시적각항생장성능지표여서잡우무명현차이，수착년령적증장，잡교후대적체척、체중재일정정도상초과서잡우；F1화F2대공우적동체중、도재솔、정육솔균불동정도고우LSC우，우육적품급제고；산내량현저증가(P<0.05)，유품질교고。설명이덕계서문탑이우위부본개량본지서잡우불부가이제고잡교후대적생장성능、도재성능，환가이현저개선기비유성능，사잡교후대유단일적육용형전변위유육겸용형，제고육우양식적경제효익。
In order to research the effect of Fleckvieh improving the local simmental crossbred cattle(LSC) through hybridization and provide basis data for local cattle production in central agricultural area. This study select 500 LSC in Shangqiu area, east of Henna province, to hybrid with Fleckvieh using frozen semen by artiifcial insemination. A series of indexes on growth performance, slaughter performance, milk yield and milk composition for filial generations (first generation, F1; second generation, F2) were tested and collected and used to analyze. The results showed that the birth body weight for F2 were signiifcantly higher than LSC, there is no remarkable difference between F1 and LSC or F1 and F2. The growth rate for F1 and F2 at different stages were higher than LSC. The slaughter performance, such as carcass weight (P<0.05), dressing percentage, net meat rate (P<0.05), marbling grade of F1 and F2 were higher than that of LSC cattle. Milk production performance, such as actual milk production, 305d corrected milk production and 4%standard milk production for F2 is signally higher than F1 and LSC (P<0.05), and F1 is markedly higher than F1 and LSC (P<0.05). For milk composition, although milk fat percentage, protein percentage, lactose percentage as well as total solids percentage (TS) of F1 and F2 were reduced in some degree, they are still at high levels compare with Holstein cow. This study concluded that Fleckvieh cattle could improve growth performance, slaughter performance and milk performance on the offspring of hybridization. It can increase the LSC economic efifciency by changing the production form from single type to double type.