广西植物
廣西植物
엄서식물
GUIHAIA
2014年
2期
269-275,262
,共8页
青藏高原%气候变化%高寒草地%植被分布%物候%生产力%土壤碳库
青藏高原%氣候變化%高寒草地%植被分佈%物候%生產力%土壤碳庫
청장고원%기후변화%고한초지%식피분포%물후%생산력%토양탄고
Tibetan Plateau%climate change%alpine grassland%vegetation distribution%phenology%plant production%soil carbon
综述了近五十年来青藏高原气候和高寒草地的变化趋势，阐述了气候变化对高寒草地的可能影响。气候变化主要通过水、热过程及其诱导的环境变化对青藏高原高寒草地产生显著的影响。主要过程包括：气候变化对气候带、植被带、植物、植物群落、农业生产以及生态系统固碳潜力等的影响。从目前的观测和研究结果来看，有关青藏高原气候变化及其对高寒草地的可能影响都还很难得出一致的结论。因此，如何科学评价气候变化及其预测和评价对高寒草地结构和功能的潜在影响，以及如何将已经发生的变化纳入到全球变化模型或评价体系中，以便更加精确地评估气候变化的长期影响，将成为必须要回答的关键科学问题。
綜述瞭近五十年來青藏高原氣候和高寒草地的變化趨勢，闡述瞭氣候變化對高寒草地的可能影響。氣候變化主要通過水、熱過程及其誘導的環境變化對青藏高原高寒草地產生顯著的影響。主要過程包括：氣候變化對氣候帶、植被帶、植物、植物群落、農業生產以及生態繫統固碳潛力等的影響。從目前的觀測和研究結果來看，有關青藏高原氣候變化及其對高寒草地的可能影響都還很難得齣一緻的結論。因此，如何科學評價氣候變化及其預測和評價對高寒草地結構和功能的潛在影響，以及如何將已經髮生的變化納入到全毬變化模型或評價體繫中，以便更加精確地評估氣候變化的長期影響，將成為必鬚要迴答的關鍵科學問題。
종술료근오십년래청장고원기후화고한초지적변화추세，천술료기후변화대고한초지적가능영향。기후변화주요통과수、열과정급기유도적배경변화대청장고원고한초지산생현저적영향。주요과정포괄：기후변화대기후대、식피대、식물、식물군락、농업생산이급생태계통고탄잠력등적영향。종목전적관측화연구결과래간，유관청장고원기후변화급기대고한초지적가능영향도환흔난득출일치적결론。인차，여하과학평개기후변화급기예측화평개대고한초지결구화공능적잠재영향，이급여하장이경발생적변화납입도전구변화모형혹평개체계중，이편경가정학지평고기후변화적장기영향，장성위필수요회답적관건과학문제。
The paper systematically summarized the tendency of climate change and its potential effects on alpine grassland of Tibetan Plateau nearly past 50 years.The data showed that the magnitude of temperature increase on the Tibetan plateau was significantly greater than the average level of China even the world.Although the annual total precipitation tended to increase,the spatial and temporal variations were high from Southern to Northern and from Western to Eastern of the plateau.The climate changes significantly affected the alpine grassland of the Tibetan Plat-eau.The results from observations and simulations indicated that:(1)The climate zones and vegetation zones of Ti-bet Plateau could move to northward and westward,whereas the variation tendency of different vegetation areas de-pended on the different scenarios simulated by different models;(2)Rising temperatures advanced green-up and de-layed yellow period from observations which prolonged growing seasons,but remote sensing data showed opposite re-sults since the end of 1990s;(3)Species richness decreased and species composition changed;(4)the vegetation cov-erage and NPP enhanced from simulated scenarios,but opposite results were found from OTC experiments in the re-gion;(5)Although prolong growing season may improve plant production,the risk of natural disasters could also in-crease for forages and crops;(6)The future climate change may has a little effect on soil carbon source/sink through simulated different scenarios.Based on the review,we found that generally there were inconsistent results about the climate change and its potential effects on alpine grassland so far on the Tibetan plateau.Therefore,it is necessary for us to research how observed temperature increase to affect structures and functions of the alpine system,and how to bring the generated changes into global change models or evaluation systems,in order to accurately evaluate the long-term effects of climate change in the region.
