CAJ | 학술논문

基于LifeMod建立体操运动员个性化人体模型和跳桌，其中，人体模型包括19个环节和50个自由度。通过仿真和实际运动之间的运动学和动力学参数比较，完成体操运动员-跳桌系统模型的可行性验证，随后量化推手过程人体上肢承受的内、外冲击负荷，并对跳桌的力学特性展开仿真研究。结果表明，基于LifeMod建立的人-器械系统模型具有较好的重复性和可靠性，优秀女子体操运动员在完成冢原直体后空翻转体720°的技术动作时，左、右手受到的撑马反作用力峰值分别为1．37 BW和1．40 BW ，且推手过程中上肢的腕、肘和肩关节反作用力峰值依次减小，同时肩关节左侧的屈力矩和右侧的伸力矩起主导作用。无论跳桌的刚度如何变化，推手过程左侧肘关节到达关节反作用力峰值的时间最短且关节负载率最大。另外，增大跳桌的阻尼系数虽能减小外载负荷，却导致左侧上肢的内载负荷明显增大。
기우LifeMod건입체조운동원개성화인체모형화도탁，기중，인체모형포괄19개배절화50개자유도。통과방진화실제운동지간적운동학화동역학삼수비교，완성체조운동원-도탁계통모형적가행성험증，수후양화추수과정인체상지승수적내、외충격부하，병대도탁적역학특성전개방진연구。결과표명，기우LifeMod건립적인-기계계통모형구유교호적중복성화가고성，우수녀자체조운동원재완성총원직체후공번전체720°적기술동작시，좌、우수수도적탱마반작용력봉치분별위1．37 BW화1．40 BW ，차추수과정중상지적완、주화견관절반작용력봉치의차감소，동시견관절좌측적굴력구화우측적신력구기주도작용。무론도탁적강도여하변화，추수과정좌측주관절도체관절반작용력봉치적시간최단차관절부재솔최대。령외，증대도탁적조니계수수능감소외재부하，각도치좌측상지적내재부하명현증대。
A subject-specific model with 19 segments and 50 DOF of a gymnast ,and of gymnas-tic vault table was developed based on LifeMod in this study .To verify the reliability of the model ,kinematic and kinetic data between actual performance and the simulation were com-pared .Then computer simulation was also performed to quantify the internal and external loads in upper limbs during table push-off phase ,and further to investigate the effects of mechanical characteristics of vault table on loads upon the upper limbs .The results indicated that the sys-tem model was valid .Simulation of a vault routine ,Tsukahara Stretched with 2/1 Turn (720°) off performed by an elite female gymnast ,showed that the peak table reaction force(TRF)in the left and right hand were about 1 .37BW and 1 .40BW .During the table contact phase ,the peak joint reaction force (JRF) in wrist ,elbow and shoulder were reduced gradually ,and the torque of shoulder flex played dominant role in left limb and that of shoulder extend did the same in right limb .During the table contact phase ,the time to reach the peak JRF in left elbow was always the shortest and the loading rate was the greatest ,no matter what change of the ta-ble stiffness .Meanwhile ,increasing table damping would reduce external load ,but it will cause obvious increment of internal load in the left arm .