华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）
華中科技大學學報（社會科學版）
화중과기대학학보（사회과학판）
JOURNAL OF HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION)
2014年
6期
103-109,124
,共8页
少子老龄化%养老保险%独子养老%未富先老%有备而老
少子老齡化%養老保險%獨子養老%未富先老%有備而老
소자노령화%양로보험%독자양로%미부선로%유비이로
low birthrate and aging%pension risk%only child pension%old before getting rich%well pre-pared and old
本文从国家、家庭及老年个体三个视角探讨了我国所面临的养老风险。在国家层面，少子老龄化趋势凸显，人口发展代际失衡问题加剧，带来了劳动年龄人口的相对下降、养老金负担和医疗负担加重等问题。在老年人及其家庭层面，“独子养老时代”到来，空巢老人及失独老人一方面无法在子女处获得足够的养老支持，另一方面社会又未能起到足够的补充作用，使得他们面临老难所养、老无所依的困境；此外，贫困老人应对养老风险的能力较弱，养老境况堪忧。老年风险源自老年期的一系列丧失事件，同时对养老风险缺乏前期的准备和预防则是养老风险形成的另外一个重要原因。养老风险凸显的事实呼唤“有备而老”。
本文從國傢、傢庭及老年箇體三箇視角探討瞭我國所麵臨的養老風險。在國傢層麵，少子老齡化趨勢凸顯，人口髮展代際失衡問題加劇，帶來瞭勞動年齡人口的相對下降、養老金負擔和醫療負擔加重等問題。在老年人及其傢庭層麵，“獨子養老時代”到來，空巢老人及失獨老人一方麵無法在子女處穫得足夠的養老支持，另一方麵社會又未能起到足夠的補充作用，使得他們麵臨老難所養、老無所依的睏境；此外，貧睏老人應對養老風險的能力較弱，養老境況堪憂。老年風險源自老年期的一繫列喪失事件，同時對養老風險缺乏前期的準備和預防則是養老風險形成的另外一箇重要原因。養老風險凸顯的事實呼喚“有備而老”。
본문종국가、가정급노년개체삼개시각탐토료아국소면림적양로풍험。재국가층면，소자노령화추세철현，인구발전대제실형문제가극，대래료노동년령인구적상대하강、양로금부담화의료부담가중등문제。재노년인급기가정층면，“독자양로시대”도래，공소노인급실독노인일방면무법재자녀처획득족구적양로지지，령일방면사회우미능기도족구적보충작용，사득타문면림로난소양、로무소의적곤경；차외，빈곤노인응대양로풍험적능력교약，양로경황감우。노년풍험원자노년기적일계렬상실사건，동시대양로풍험결핍전기적준비화예방칙시양로풍험형성적령외일개중요원인。양로풍험철현적사실호환“유비이로”。
This article discusses the pension risk China faces currently from three dimensions, including the national perspective, the family perspective and the perspective of aged individuals.At national level, the trend of aging with low birth rate is highlighting and the increasing of unbalance in inter-population develop-ment brings a relative decline in the working-age population and the aggravation of pension burden and health-care burden and so on.At the level of the elderly and their families, along with the coming of “the age of only child pension”, on one hand the empty nesters and lost-only old men cannot get enough support from their children, on the other hand our society fails to play a complementary role in their old care.As a result, they fall into a dilemma of “nobody to raise them and nothing to depend on”.In addition, poor old men are weak in the ability to deal with pension risk and their pension situation is worrisome.Pension risk results from a series of loss events in old age, while lack of preparation and prevention for pension risk earlier is another important reason for the formation of pension risk.The fact of pension risk calls for“well prepared and old”.
