浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）
浙江大學學報（農業與生命科學版）
절강대학학보（농업여생명과학판）
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY(AGRICULTURE & LIFE SCIENCES)
2014年
6期
653-660
,共8页
陈方永%倪海枝%王引%任正初%刘继红%王一光
陳方永%倪海枝%王引%任正初%劉繼紅%王一光
진방영%예해지%왕인%임정초%류계홍%왕일광
东魁杨梅%多效唑%过量施用%枯枝病%防治
東魁楊梅%多效唑%過量施用%枯枝病%防治
동괴양매%다효서%과량시용%고지병%방치
Dongkui red bayberry%paclobutrazol%excessive application%twig dieback%control
检测分析不同剂量多效唑施用后在杨梅叶片、根部、果实的残留情况,以及对叶片色泽、根系、果实品质的影响；综合分析多效唑与杨梅枯枝病发生的因果关系.并针对枯枝病发生特点,利用自主研发的混配药物进行综合防治试验,并对治愈植株果实的农药残留进行随机检测.结果表明,重度、中度、轻度发病树叶片、根部多效唑含量差异显著,分别为叶片439.00,25.60,13.20μg/kg ,根部266.00,3.38,1.20μg/kg ,发病程度越高残留量越大；果实中均未检测到多效唑残留；500 mg/kg 高质量分数的多效唑处理使杨梅叶片气孔密度增大,气孔面积减小；T1(200 mg/kg),T2(300 mg/kg),T3(500 mg/kg)3个质量分数的多效唑连续施用与植株枯枝病轻度、中度、重度发生相对应,呈正相关；利用自主研发的混配药物对枯枝病发病植株进行防治效果显著.轻度发病树经3年连续治理后基本恢复正常生长,死树率为0,而作为对照的发病率为74.7％、死树率为21.6％；中度发病树治愈率均分别达90％以上,对照发病率为100％；严重发病树治愈率均在50％以上,对照在4年后全部死亡.经综合防治后恢复正常生长的植株果实的农药残留显著降低,克百威、甲胺磷、氧乐果和溴氰菊酯4个农药残留指标低于国家无公害标准的1～5倍,重金属铅的含量低于国家无公害标准的8倍.总之,多效唑施用后对杨梅可产生不可逆的影响,即多效唑(中高浓度多次施用)—树势早衰—拟盘多毛孢菌寄生侵染—枯枝病出现—枯枝死树—病菌扩大繁殖并加速传播,形成恶性循环,导致枯枝死树连续发生.而利用笔者的专利技术尽早采取综合防治效果明显.
檢測分析不同劑量多效唑施用後在楊梅葉片、根部、果實的殘留情況,以及對葉片色澤、根繫、果實品質的影響；綜閤分析多效唑與楊梅枯枝病髮生的因果關繫.併針對枯枝病髮生特點,利用自主研髮的混配藥物進行綜閤防治試驗,併對治愈植株果實的農藥殘留進行隨機檢測.結果錶明,重度、中度、輕度髮病樹葉片、根部多效唑含量差異顯著,分彆為葉片439.00,25.60,13.20μg/kg ,根部266.00,3.38,1.20μg/kg ,髮病程度越高殘留量越大；果實中均未檢測到多效唑殘留；500 mg/kg 高質量分數的多效唑處理使楊梅葉片氣孔密度增大,氣孔麵積減小；T1(200 mg/kg),T2(300 mg/kg),T3(500 mg/kg)3箇質量分數的多效唑連續施用與植株枯枝病輕度、中度、重度髮生相對應,呈正相關；利用自主研髮的混配藥物對枯枝病髮病植株進行防治效果顯著.輕度髮病樹經3年連續治理後基本恢複正常生長,死樹率為0,而作為對照的髮病率為74.7％、死樹率為21.6％；中度髮病樹治愈率均分彆達90％以上,對照髮病率為100％；嚴重髮病樹治愈率均在50％以上,對照在4年後全部死亡.經綜閤防治後恢複正常生長的植株果實的農藥殘留顯著降低,剋百威、甲胺燐、氧樂果和溴氰菊酯4箇農藥殘留指標低于國傢無公害標準的1～5倍,重金屬鉛的含量低于國傢無公害標準的8倍.總之,多效唑施用後對楊梅可產生不可逆的影響,即多效唑(中高濃度多次施用)—樹勢早衰—擬盤多毛孢菌寄生侵染—枯枝病齣現—枯枝死樹—病菌擴大繁殖併加速傳播,形成噁性循環,導緻枯枝死樹連續髮生.而利用筆者的專利技術儘早採取綜閤防治效果明顯.
검측분석불동제량다효서시용후재양매협편、근부、과실적잔류정황,이급대협편색택、근계、과실품질적영향；종합분석다효서여양매고지병발생적인과관계.병침대고지병발생특점,이용자주연발적혼배약물진행종합방치시험,병대치유식주과실적농약잔류진행수궤검측.결과표명,중도、중도、경도발병수협편、근부다효서함량차이현저,분별위협편439.00,25.60,13.20μg/kg ,근부266.00,3.38,1.20μg/kg ,발병정도월고잔류량월대；과실중균미검측도다효서잔류；500 mg/kg 고질량분수적다효서처리사양매협편기공밀도증대,기공면적감소；T1(200 mg/kg),T2(300 mg/kg),T3(500 mg/kg)3개질량분수적다효서련속시용여식주고지병경도、중도、중도발생상대응,정정상관；이용자주연발적혼배약물대고지병발병식주진행방치효과현저.경도발병수경3년련속치리후기본회복정상생장,사수솔위0,이작위대조적발병솔위74.7％、사수솔위21.6％；중도발병수치유솔균분별체90％이상,대조발병솔위100％；엄중발병수치유솔균재50％이상,대조재4년후전부사망.경종합방치후회복정상생장적식주과실적농약잔류현저강저,극백위、갑알린、양악과화추청국지4개농약잔류지표저우국가무공해표준적1～5배,중금속연적함량저우국가무공해표준적8배.총지,다효서시용후대양매가산생불가역적영향,즉다효서(중고농도다차시용)—수세조쇠—의반다모포균기생침염—고지병출현—고지사수—병균확대번식병가속전파,형성악성순배,도치고지사수련속발생.이이용필자적전리기술진조채취종합방치효과명현.
Summary Red bayberry ( Myrica rubra ( Lour .) Zucc) is one of the major fruits planted in Zhejiang Province , China . It provides an important financial support for the farmers in this area . However , the fungal disease twig dieback severely threats the growth of red bayberry . Once one plant is infected by this disease , it would spread and destroy the whole orchard in three years . Controlling technology on this disease is urgently needed at this area .Paclobutrazol ( PP333 ) is a chemical widely used for plant growth regulation . It causes plant growth shorter , stronger , more branches and better fruiting . It has been widely used on the red bayberry for higher production . However , over‐dosage use of the chemical PP333 is suspected to connect with the epidemic of twig dieback in Zhejiang , China . The causal agent of the twig dieback disease was proved to be Pestalotiopsis species . It is postulated that the application of PP333 inhibits some bacteria growth and breaks microbial community balance in the soil , so that the causal agent of twig dieback is predominant .In order to test the hypothesis , we investigated the correlation between application amount of PP 333 and disease severity in eight farms in Zhejiang in four years . In the eight farms , we investigated the connection of application dosage of PP333 with the residues of the chemical in leaves , roots and fruits respectively . In different treatments of PP333 , leaf colour , root architecture and fruit quality were also investigated . Application of three concentrations of PP333 , T1 (200 mg/kg) , T2 (300 mg/kg) and T 3 ( 500 mg/kg) , resulted in light , moderate and heavy twig dieback disease , respectively . The results showed that over‐dosage application of PP333 in successive years caused fruit tree early senility and server diseases infection .In order to cure the infected fruit trees , we applied a new home‐made chemical to the infected trees . The results showed that the home‐made chemical is quite effective to control the disease . After three years of treatment on the light infected orchard , all the disease infected trees were recovered to be healthy . However , the control orchard without treatment was more seriously infected . The infected trees occupied 74 .7% and 21 .6% trees died . In the moderate infected orchard , three years of treatment recovered over 90% of infected trees . The untreated control trees get infected to be 100% . In the heavy infected orchard , three years of treatment recovered over 50%of infected trees . As the control , all the untreated trees died in the fourth year . The results showed that the new home‐made chemical was very effective to cure the infected trees .Physiological effects of PP333 on Dongkui red bayberry were also investigated . The higher concentration of PP333 (500 mg/kg) caused higher stomatal density and smaller stomatal size . Twig dieback severity was correlated with the amount of PP333 chemical residues in leaves and roots . Application of different amounts of PP333 to the trees had significant different residues of PP333 in leaves and roots . On the light , moderate and heavy infected fruit trees , the content of PP333 in leaves was 13 .20 , 25 .60 and 439 .00 μg/kg respectively and the content of PP 333 in roots was 1 .20 , 3 .38 and 266 .00 μg/kg respectively , but the chemical residuals in fruits were very low .We concluded that over‐dosage application of PP333 is the major cause of twig dieback disease predominance on red bayberry . The over‐dosage application of PP333 promotes fruit tree early senility , then promotes Pestalotiopsis species infection , then causes twig dieback symptoms and tree dies , and then more Pestalotiopsis species are spread and more trees are infected . It forms a vicious cycle . To control the disease , our patented home‐made chemical is effective .
