CAJ | 학술논문

葡聚糖水合二激酶( glucan‐water dikinase ,GWD)催化淀粉发生的磷酸化反应是植物临时淀粉降解的必要过程。该文总结了 GWD 的结构、生物学功能及其与其他淀粉代谢相关酶类的互作,以及 GW D 基因的研究进展及其在淀粉改性工艺上的应用现状,展望了 GWD 在淀粉磷酸化改性工艺上的应用前景,旨在为淀粉生物改性提供一种环境友好型、资源集约型的思路和方法。
포취당수합이격매( glucan‐water dikinase ,GWD)최화정분발생적린산화반응시식물림시정분강해적필요과정。해문총결료 GWD 적결구、생물학공능급기여기타정분대사상관매류적호작,이급 GW D 기인적연구진전급기재정분개성공예상적응용현상,전망료 GWD 재정분린산화개성공예상적응용전경,지재위정분생물개성제공일충배경우호형、자원집약형적사로화방법。
Summary Starch phosphorylation is a general phenomenon existing naturally in the plant kingdom . The reaction of phosphorylation catalyzed by the glucan‐water dikinase ( GWD ) is a necessary process during the degradation of the transitory starch in plant . In this review , we summarized the progress made on GWD from the view of its structure , biological functions and its interactions with other enzymes involved in starch metabolism . We also discussed its potential application in starch processing industries to provide environment‐friendly methods for starch modification through genetic engineering . Potato GWD gene ( StGW D) encodes a protein of 1 461 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of about 160 ku for the entire coding sequence . From the N‐terminal to C‐terminal of the mature StGWD protein , there is a chloroplast transit peptide domain , two carbohydrate‐binding modules , a phosphohistidine domain and nucleotide binding domain in turn . GWD marks sections for glucan hydrolysis via C6 phosphorylation to initiate granule surface hydration , while phosphoglucan water dikinase ( PWD) , an isoform of GWD then recognizes these partially solubilized sections and catalyzes C 3 phosphorylation of nascent glucans to induce steric strain that breaks the helical structure and prevents recrystallization . The starch in leaves will encounter an excess accumulation if the expression of the GWD is inhibited or decreased . And the overexpression of the enzyme may increase the phosphate content of the natural starch . In vivo , many enzymes related to starch metabolism can interact with the GWD , but the mechanisms of their real interaction are not clear yet . The growth will be profoundly inhibited if plants are encountered with environmental stress . We hypothesize that higher phosphorylated starch may be accumulated if farmers can make good use of the adversary conditions . However , further research and experimental data are needed to support this hypothesis .