CAJ | 학술논문

我国现行农村宅基地制度立法思想落后、权利框架模糊，宅基地因权利被限制而无法实现收益权能，导致宅基地浪费严重、使用效率低下。党的“十八届三中全会”提出了“改革完善农村宅基地制度”的战略构想。宅基地制度创新应体现城乡公平、区域公平和时际公平，并实现节约集约利用土地的目标。而现有的“限制自由流转、扩大权能”和“自由流转”两个改革思路，都局限于宅基地问题的表层，没有在城乡统筹、新型城镇化背景下对宅基地制度进行重构，存在着天然的缺陷。“宅基地指标化”模式，以权利替代实物，引进市场化的交易机制，实现宅基地指标在全国范围内的流转，有利于节约集约利用土地，能在更大程度上体现社会公平，是解决我国宅基地问题的一种较为理想的方案。
아국현행농촌택기지제도입법사상락후、권리광가모호，택기지인권리피한제이무법실현수익권능，도치택기지낭비엄중、사용효솔저하。당적“십팔계삼중전회”제출료“개혁완선농촌택기지제도”적전략구상。택기지제도창신응체현성향공평、구역공평화시제공평，병실현절약집약이용토지적목표。이현유적“한제자유류전、확대권능”화“자유류전”량개개혁사로，도국한우택기지문제적표층，몰유재성향통주、신형성진화배경하대택기지제도진행중구，존재착천연적결함。“택기지지표화”모식，이권리체대실물，인진시장화적교역궤제，실현택기지지표재전국범위내적류전，유리우절약집약이용토지，능재경대정도상체현사회공평，시해결아국택기지문제적일충교위이상적방안。
The backward legislation ideas and fuzzy right framework of Chinese current rural residential site institution can not realize gain right because of the residential right restriction, which causes its serious waste and low exploitation efficiency. The Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of CPC proposed a strategic concept of “reforming and improving the system of rural residential sites”. Therefore, the institutional innovation of rural residential sites should embody urban?rural fairness, regional fairness and practical fairness and attain the goal of intensive land?use. However, current two reform ideas such as“limiting free transfer and enlarging exploitation rights” and “free transfer” have natural shortcomings because the two ideas only concern about the surface of the sites and do not reconstruct the residential site institution under the background of overall urban and rural development and new?style urbanization. “The Residential Site Normalization” Model is helpful to intensively use the land, can embody social fairness on larger scale and is relatively a more ideal scheme to solve China’ s residential site problem by taking the right to replace the materials, by introducing market?oriented transaction mechanism and by transferring the residential sites indexes in national range.