CAJ | 학술논문

基于MOD16遥感数据集，在ERDAS IMAGINE 2013遥感图像处理系统的支持下，通过空间建模，计算蒸散多年年平均值和月平均值，并生成图像；结合陕西省矢量边界图、土地利用矢量图，统计不同时间尺度统计行政区域和不同土地利用类型的蒸散值。在ARCGIS 10系统中，制作陕西省2000——2013年年、月平均蒸散分布图。利用线性回归进行蒸散时间趋势分析，采用相关系数的统计检验方法进行显著性趋势检验。进而研究了陕西省2000——2013年蒸散量的空间分布特征和时间变化规律，分析了不同类型下蒸散量的差异性变化特征。结果表明：（1）全省年蒸散量在波动中缓慢上升，波动范围为448.0～533.3 mm· a-1，年平均值493.3 mm· a-1。各月蒸散量的年际变化具有季节分异特征，秋末至仲春的月蒸散具有减少的趋势，春末至仲秋的蒸散具有增加的趋势。年内蒸散量呈单峰型分布，季节性变化特征明显，蒸散主要集中在5—9月份，最高、最低值分别出现在8月和11月。（2）多年平均蒸散空间格局呈现北低南高的分布规律，高植被覆盖区蒸散量较大。蒸散变化趋势不明显的面积占77.2%，蒸散显著、极显著增加的像元主要分布在陕北地区、关中地区西部和陕南丘陵浅山区，蒸散显著和极显著减少的像元主要分布在关中城市群。（3）土地利用特点影响着陕西省蒸散量的分布状况，蒸散强度大小按类型排序依次为森林＞草地＞农田＞荒漠。研究结果对于陕西有限水资源的合理利用以及水资源短缺问题的解决、旱涝监测和预警等研究具有重要意义。
기우MOD16요감수거집，재ERDAS IMAGINE 2013요감도상처리계통적지지하，통과공간건모，계산증산다년년평균치화월평균치，병생성도상；결합합서성시량변계도、토지이용시량도，통계불동시간척도통계행정구역화불동토지이용류형적증산치。재ARCGIS 10계통중，제작합서성2000——2013년년、월평균증산분포도。이용선성회귀진행증산시간추세분석，채용상관계수적통계검험방법진행현저성추세검험。진이연구료합서성2000——2013년증산량적공간분포특정화시간변화규률，분석료불동류형하증산량적차이성변화특정。결과표명：（1）전성년증산량재파동중완만상승，파동범위위448.0～533.3 mm· a-1，년평균치493.3 mm· a-1。각월증산량적년제변화구유계절분이특정，추말지중춘적월증산구유감소적추세，춘말지중추적증산구유증가적추세。년내증산량정단봉형분포，계절성변화특정명현，증산주요집중재5—9월빈，최고、최저치분별출현재8월화11월。（2）다년평균증산공간격국정현북저남고적분포규률，고식피복개구증산량교대。증산변화추세불명현적면적점77.2%，증산현저、겁현저증가적상원주요분포재협북지구、관중지구서부화협남구릉천산구，증산현저화겁현저감소적상원주요분포재관중성시군。（3）토지이용특점영향착합서성증산량적분포상황，증산강도대소안류형배서의차위삼림＞초지＞농전＞황막。연구결과대우협서유한수자원적합리이용이급수자원단결문제적해결、한로감측화예경등연구구유중요의의。
Based on MOD16 dataset, annual and monthly average evapotranspiration were calculated by the tool of spatial model maker in ERDAS IMAGINE 2013, evapotranspiration of the administrative regions and landuse types for different time scales was statistically computed with the vector maps of Shaanxi Province boundary and landuse. Annual and monthly average evapotranspiration images were drew by ARCGIS 10. The time trends of evapotranspiration were analyzed by using linear regression and the significance was tested by correlation coefficient statistical test. Then the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of evapotranspiration from 2000 to 2013 in Shaanxi Province and the differences for evapotranspiration under different landuse types were analyzed. The results show that the mean annual evapotranspiration of Shaanxi Province increased slowly in the fluctuations with values ranging from 448.0 mm· a-1 to 533.3 mm· a-1, and with a mean value of 493.3 mm· a-1. The annual variation of the mean monthly evapotranspiration presented seasonal difference, the mean evapotranspiration in the period from December to April of next year showed decreasing trends, the mean evapotranspiration in the period from May to October showed increasing trends. The monthly variation of evapotranspiration within the year shows a unimodal pattern, and its peak value occurs in August, its bottom value occurs in November, it is mainly concentrated in the period from May to September. The spatial distribution of mean annual evapotranspiration from 2000 to 2013 was generally high over the south of the Shaanxi Province, but low in the north, especially in the high vegetation coverage areas. The areas with insignificant variation trends were accounted for 77.2%of the total, the pixels with significantly increased evapotranspiration were mainly distributed in north Shaanxi, Mid-Shaanxi, and hilly-mountainous areas in south Shaanxi, the pixels with significantly decreased evapotranspiration were mainly distributed in Mid-Shaanxi urban agglomeration. The spatial distribution of evapotranspiration is related to land use types, which have effect on the evapotranspiration distribution in the Shaanxi Province, and the order of evapotranspiration intensity by land cover types is woodland > grassland >farmland>desert. The research results have important significance to utilization of the limited water resources, to resolution of the shortage of water resources, and to research of monitor and early warning for drought and flood disaster.