生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
9期
1531-1535
,共5页
刘铎%丛日春%党宏忠%李庆梅%刘德玺%杨庆山
劉鐸%叢日春%黨宏忠%李慶梅%劉德璽%楊慶山
류탁%총일춘%당굉충%리경매%류덕새%양경산
柳树%盐碱胁迫%含水量%渗透调节
柳樹%鹽堿脅迫%含水量%滲透調節
류수%염감협박%함수량%삼투조절
Willow%Salt and alkali stress%Leaf water%Osmotic adjustment
世界土壤盐渍化问题日益严重。中国拥有面积广大的盐碱地，它严重地制约着中国农业的可持续发展。中国北方内陆盐碱地土壤含有NaCl、Na2SO4、Na2CO3、NaHCO3多种盐分，类型复杂多样。柳树是我国重要的造林绿化和水土保持乡土树种，对改良盐碱地美化生态环境具有重要作用，因此研究柳树耐碱性及其适应盐碱生理差异性具有重要意义。以盐柳1号(Salix psammophila)为试验材料，分别以中性盐NaCl和Na2SO4、碱性盐NaHCO3和Na2CO3混合模拟盐、碱胁迫（两者物质的量比均为9∶1），各设计了5个梯度处理，总共胁迫14 d后，研究盐与碱胁迫下柳树幼苗叶片含水量、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的变化情况。结果表明：随着盐浓度的升高柳树叶片中的含水量呈减少趋势，在碱性盐胁迫下叶片含水量下降趋势更大，盐浓度达到200 mmol·L-1时，叶片含水量达到最低为23.8%，仅为对照的32%（P<0.01）达到极显著性差异，并且相比于中性盐在碱性盐胁迫下叶片损失水分更多。同样在碱性盐胁迫情况下随着盐浓度升高，柳树叶片中的三种渗透调节物质脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均增加，其中，碱性盐浓度达到200 mmol·L-1时植物叶片中脯氨酸质量分数为100.38μg·g-1达到最大值为对照的3.18倍（P<0.01）达到极显著性差异，为同浓度中性盐胁迫下的1.57倍（P<0.05）。当碱性盐浓度达到150 mmol·L-1时，柳树叶片可溶性糖质量分数是2.4 mg·g-1为对照的1.86倍（P<0.05）达到显著性差异水平，为同等浓度中性盐胁迫下的1.69倍（P<0.05），叶片可溶性蛋白质量分数为7.84 mg·g-1为对照的1.67倍（P<0.05）差异显著，为同等浓度中性盐胁迫下的1.56倍（P<0.05）。综上所述，从渗透胁迫角度分析，碱性盐胁迫比中性盐胁迫是两种不同性质的胁迫，并且碱胁迫对柳树造成的危害损伤更大。
世界土壤鹽漬化問題日益嚴重。中國擁有麵積廣大的鹽堿地，它嚴重地製約著中國農業的可持續髮展。中國北方內陸鹽堿地土壤含有NaCl、Na2SO4、Na2CO3、NaHCO3多種鹽分，類型複雜多樣。柳樹是我國重要的造林綠化和水土保持鄉土樹種，對改良鹽堿地美化生態環境具有重要作用，因此研究柳樹耐堿性及其適應鹽堿生理差異性具有重要意義。以鹽柳1號(Salix psammophila)為試驗材料，分彆以中性鹽NaCl和Na2SO4、堿性鹽NaHCO3和Na2CO3混閤模擬鹽、堿脅迫（兩者物質的量比均為9∶1），各設計瞭5箇梯度處理，總共脅迫14 d後，研究鹽與堿脅迫下柳樹幼苗葉片含水量、脯氨痠、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的變化情況。結果錶明：隨著鹽濃度的升高柳樹葉片中的含水量呈減少趨勢，在堿性鹽脅迫下葉片含水量下降趨勢更大，鹽濃度達到200 mmol·L-1時，葉片含水量達到最低為23.8%，僅為對照的32%（P<0.01）達到極顯著性差異，併且相比于中性鹽在堿性鹽脅迫下葉片損失水分更多。同樣在堿性鹽脅迫情況下隨著鹽濃度升高，柳樹葉片中的三種滲透調節物質脯氨痠、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均增加，其中，堿性鹽濃度達到200 mmol·L-1時植物葉片中脯氨痠質量分數為100.38μg·g-1達到最大值為對照的3.18倍（P<0.01）達到極顯著性差異，為同濃度中性鹽脅迫下的1.57倍（P<0.05）。噹堿性鹽濃度達到150 mmol·L-1時，柳樹葉片可溶性糖質量分數是2.4 mg·g-1為對照的1.86倍（P<0.05）達到顯著性差異水平，為同等濃度中性鹽脅迫下的1.69倍（P<0.05），葉片可溶性蛋白質量分數為7.84 mg·g-1為對照的1.67倍（P<0.05）差異顯著，為同等濃度中性鹽脅迫下的1.56倍（P<0.05）。綜上所述，從滲透脅迫角度分析，堿性鹽脅迫比中性鹽脅迫是兩種不同性質的脅迫，併且堿脅迫對柳樹造成的危害損傷更大。
세계토양염지화문제일익엄중。중국옹유면적엄대적염감지，타엄중지제약착중국농업적가지속발전。중국북방내륙염감지토양함유NaCl、Na2SO4、Na2CO3、NaHCO3다충염분，류형복잡다양。류수시아국중요적조림녹화화수토보지향토수충，대개량염감지미화생태배경구유중요작용，인차연구류수내감성급기괄응염감생리차이성구유중요의의。이염류1호(Salix psammophila)위시험재료，분별이중성염NaCl화Na2SO4、감성염NaHCO3화Na2CO3혼합모의염、감협박（량자물질적량비균위9∶1），각설계료5개제도처리，총공협박14 d후，연구염여감협박하류수유묘협편함수량、포안산、가용성당화가용성단백적변화정황。결과표명：수착염농도적승고류수협편중적함수량정감소추세，재감성염협박하협편함수량하강추세경대，염농도체도200 mmol·L-1시，협편함수량체도최저위23.8%，부위대조적32%（P<0.01）체도겁현저성차이，병차상비우중성염재감성염협박하협편손실수분경다。동양재감성염협박정황하수착염농도승고，류수협편중적삼충삼투조절물질포안산、가용성당화가용성단백함량균증가，기중，감성염농도체도200 mmol·L-1시식물협편중포안산질량분수위100.38μg·g-1체도최대치위대조적3.18배（P<0.01）체도겁현저성차이，위동농도중성염협박하적1.57배（P<0.05）。당감성염농도체도150 mmol·L-1시，류수협편가용성당질량분수시2.4 mg·g-1위대조적1.86배（P<0.05）체도현저성차이수평，위동등농도중성염협박하적1.69배（P<0.05），협편가용성단백질량분수위7.84 mg·g-1위대조적1.67배（P<0.05）차이현저，위동등농도중성염협박하적1.56배（P<0.05）。종상소술，종삼투협박각도분석，감성염협박비중성염협박시량충불동성질적협박，병차감협박대류수조성적위해손상경대。
At present, soil salinization has become an increasingly serious concern in the world. Large areas of saline alkali land in China are a heavy constraint to the sustainable development of agriculture. In Northern China, saline alkali soil contains varied types of salt ion, such as NaCl, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, and NaHCO3. Willow is a very important tree species for afforestation and conserving soil and water, which is often used to improve ecological environment of saline alkali land, so that it is of significance to study the salt and alkali stress on the plant physiology of willow. Salinization and alkalization of soil is a widespread environment problem, which could be divided into salt-stress and alkali-stress in terms of the salt characteristics. In fact, the destructive results caused by alkali-stress are more serious than those by salt-stress. A willow cultivar YanLiu 1(Salix psammophila) was used to study the stress conditions of 6 salinities and 6 alkalities simulated by mixing two neutral salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) and two alkaline salts (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) in the molar ratio of 9∶1 respectively with 14 days’ stress. The concentration range of treatment was set between 50 and 200 mmol·L-1 for salt and alkali stress. The results showed that the content of leaf water all decreased with increasing concentration of salt and alkali treatment, and more water was lost from the leaf under the alkali stress;when the alkali salt stress reached the 200mmol/L, the leaf water content was a minimum of 23.8%, which was 32%of the control(P<0.01). This reached extremely significant difference, and more water content was lost than that under the salt stress. Similarly, with increasing alkali salt concentration and under alkaline salt stress, the proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein in the leaf grew. When the alkali salt concentration reached to 200 mmol·L-1, the content of proline was 100.38 μg·g-1 which was 3.18 times of the control(P<0.01), reaching extremely significant difference, and was 1.57 times of the result under the salt stress. When the alkali concentration was 150 mmol·L-1, the content of soluble sugar in leaf was 2.4 mg·g-1, which was 1.86 times of the control(P<0.05)reaching the significant difference, and was 1.69 times than that under the salt stress (P<0.05). When the alkali concentration was 150 mmol·L-1, the content of soluble of was 7.84 mg·g-1, 1.67 times of the control (P<0.05)reaching the significant difference, and 1.56 times of the result under salt stress(P<0.05). The final results showed that the alkali stress was different from salt stress, and the alkali had stronger injury to willow than the salt stress.
