生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2014年
9期
1526-1530
,共5页
李睿玉%王煜%王亚男%何兵%张红%马丹炜
李睿玉%王煜%王亞男%何兵%張紅%馬丹煒
리예옥%왕욱%왕아남%하병%장홍%마단위
土荆芥%土壤养分%土壤酶活性%土壤微生物%发育期
土荊芥%土壤養分%土壤酶活性%土壤微生物%髮育期
토형개%토양양분%토양매활성%토양미생물%발육기
Chenopodium ambrosioides L.%soil nutrient%soil enzymes activities%soil microbial communities%development phase
采用盆栽试验，通过比较土荆芥营养期和果期根际土壤中养分、土壤酶活和微生物数量的变化规律，明确土荆芥入侵对土壤生态系统的影响效应，为进一步了解土荆芥入侵机理和制定防控措施提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）土荆芥入侵对土壤养分具有一定的影响。与对照相比，除了土荆芥营养期根际土壤总钾的含量增加了12.26%外，所测其它土壤养分指标均不同程度下降。其中，果期总钾含量降低3.27%，营养期和果期的有机质含量分别降低20.41%和1.22%、总氮含量分别降低27.87%和16.39%、总磷含量分别降低29.41%和14.71%、速效磷含量分别降低49.24%和34.69%、速效钾含量分别降低76.65%和57.22%；（2）土荆芥的生长对土壤胞外酶具有一定的影响。与对照相比，营养期和果期土壤硝酸还原酶活性显著升高（P<0.05），分别升高了87.23%和137.23%；营养期的脲酶活性降低了45.92%，与对照差异显著（P<0.05）；营养期和果期根际土壤的蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性的变化均未达到显著程度（P>0.05）；(3)土壤微生物数量随着土荆芥生长而增加，但只有真菌数量与对照的差异达到显著水平（P<0.05），营养期和果期真菌数量分别增加32.11%和86.18%；（4）与果期相比，营养期土壤养分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物数量普遍较低，推测土荆芥生长初期通过降低土壤营养水平，抑制其周围对营养水平要求较高的植物生长，以获得竞争优势，而果期则通过释放根系分泌物增加了土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活，使土壤养分回升，从而为其繁殖提供有利条件。
採用盆栽試驗，通過比較土荊芥營養期和果期根際土壤中養分、土壤酶活和微生物數量的變化規律，明確土荊芥入侵對土壤生態繫統的影響效應，為進一步瞭解土荊芥入侵機理和製定防控措施提供理論依據。結果錶明：（1）土荊芥入侵對土壤養分具有一定的影響。與對照相比，除瞭土荊芥營養期根際土壤總鉀的含量增加瞭12.26%外，所測其它土壤養分指標均不同程度下降。其中，果期總鉀含量降低3.27%，營養期和果期的有機質含量分彆降低20.41%和1.22%、總氮含量分彆降低27.87%和16.39%、總燐含量分彆降低29.41%和14.71%、速效燐含量分彆降低49.24%和34.69%、速效鉀含量分彆降低76.65%和57.22%；（2）土荊芥的生長對土壤胞外酶具有一定的影響。與對照相比，營養期和果期土壤硝痠還原酶活性顯著升高（P<0.05），分彆升高瞭87.23%和137.23%；營養期的脲酶活性降低瞭45.92%，與對照差異顯著（P<0.05）；營養期和果期根際土壤的蔗糖酶、痠性燐痠酶、過氧化氫酶活性的變化均未達到顯著程度（P>0.05）；(3)土壤微生物數量隨著土荊芥生長而增加，但隻有真菌數量與對照的差異達到顯著水平（P<0.05），營養期和果期真菌數量分彆增加32.11%和86.18%；（4）與果期相比，營養期土壤養分含量、土壤酶活性和微生物數量普遍較低，推測土荊芥生長初期通過降低土壤營養水平，抑製其週圍對營養水平要求較高的植物生長，以穫得競爭優勢，而果期則通過釋放根繫分泌物增加瞭土壤微生物數量和土壤酶活，使土壤養分迴升，從而為其繁殖提供有利條件。
채용분재시험，통과비교토형개영양기화과기근제토양중양분、토양매활화미생물수량적변화규률，명학토형개입침대토양생태계통적영향효응，위진일보료해토형개입침궤리화제정방공조시제공이론의거。결과표명：（1）토형개입침대토양양분구유일정적영향。여대조상비，제료토형개영양기근제토양총갑적함량증가료12.26%외，소측기타토양양분지표균불동정도하강。기중，과기총갑함량강저3.27%，영양기화과기적유궤질함량분별강저20.41%화1.22%、총담함량분별강저27.87%화16.39%、총린함량분별강저29.41%화14.71%、속효린함량분별강저49.24%화34.69%、속효갑함량분별강저76.65%화57.22%；（2）토형개적생장대토양포외매구유일정적영향。여대조상비，영양기화과기토양초산환원매활성현저승고（P<0.05），분별승고료87.23%화137.23%；영양기적뇨매활성강저료45.92%，여대조차이현저（P<0.05）；영양기화과기근제토양적자당매、산성린산매、과양화경매활성적변화균미체도현저정도（P>0.05）；(3)토양미생물수량수착토형개생장이증가，단지유진균수량여대조적차이체도현저수평（P<0.05），영양기화과기진균수량분별증가32.11%화86.18%；（4）여과기상비，영양기토양양분함량、토양매활성화미생물수량보편교저，추측토형개생장초기통과강저토양영양수평，억제기주위대영양수평요구교고적식물생장，이획득경쟁우세，이과기칙통과석방근계분비물증가료토양미생물수량화토양매활，사토양양분회승，종이위기번식제공유리조건。
A pot experiment was used to study the effects of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. on soil ecosystem, through the variations of soil nutrient, soil extracellular enzymes activities and microbial communities in rhizosphere soil at its nutrient phase and fruiting stage. The results may help us further understand the invasion mechanism of C. ambrosioides and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control measures. The results showed that:(1) The invasion of C. ambrosioides had certain effects on soil nutrients. Compared with the control group, except that the content of total K in rhizosphere soil of C. ambrosioides at nutrient phase was increased by 12.26%, the other soil nutrient indexes were decreased in varying degrees. Of which, the content of total K were decreased 3.27% at fruit phase; total organic matter at nutrient phase and fruit phase were decreased by 20.41% and 1.22%, respectively;total nitrogen at nutrient phase and fruit phase were decreased by 27.87%and 16.39%, respectively;total P at nutrient phase and fruit phase were decreased by 29.41% and 14.71%, respectively; available P at nutrient phase and fruit phase were decreased by 49.24%and 34.69%, respectively;available K at nutrient phase and fruit phase were decreased by 76.65%and 57.22%, respectively;(2)The invasion of C. ambrosioides also had influences on the soil extracellular enzymes. Compared with the control group, the activity of soil nitrate reductase at nutrient phase and fruit phase had a significant increase (P<0.05) that were increased by 87.23%and 137.23%respectively;Urease activity at nutrient phase reduced by 45.92%compared with the control group, which was a dramatic drop (P<0.05);The variations of activities of invertase, acid phosphatase and catalase in rhizosphere soil at nutrient phase and fruit phase did not have obvious differences (P>0.05);(3) The soil microbial population was increasing along with the growth of C. ambrosioides, but only the amount of fungi had significant difference with the control group (P<0.05). The amount of fungi at nutrient phase and fruit phase increased by 32.11%and 86.18%respectively;(4) Soil nutrient content, soil enzyme activity and the microbial population at nutrient phase were generally lower compared with the fruit phase. We speculated that at the early growth stage of C .ambrosioides, it inhibited the growth of surrounding plants which needs higher nutrition by reducing the soil nutrient, to improve its competitive advantage. Later at the fruit phase, the root exudates of C. ambrosioides may release into the soil to enhance the amount of soil microbe and activities of soil enzyme, which caused the recovery of rhizosphere soil nutrient and therefore provided favorable conditions for its breeding.
