CAJ | 학술논문

河流水体氮素的超负荷不仅破坏了水体生态环境，也严重威胁着人类的生存和发展。水体中有机氮、无机氮（氨氮、亚硝氮、硝氮）和分子氮之间的转化（氮循环）有赖于水体中大量的氮循环微生物（固氮细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌），然而这些氮循环微生物的生长繁殖也受到包括氮素的形态和浓度在内的多种环境因子的影响，这些因素也通过影响氮循环微生物的生长繁殖进而使得水体中氮素的转化速率发生变化，对水体氮污染的防治有不可忽视的作用。本研究通过在沣河设置不同的研究断面，采集水体样品，进行水质分析，并通过现代分子生物学技术（PCR-DGGE）方法对研究断面水体中氮循环微生物（固氮细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌）的群落结构进行分析。再通过统计学软件对所得分子生物学信息与水质环境因子的相关性进行统计学分析，发现沣河水体中氮循环微生物群落结构受到多种环境因子共同影响，且在枯水期和丰水期表现出不同的特征。在丰水期沣河水体中，硝化细菌群落在中游表现出较高的多样性和丰富性，这与沣河中上游农业 COD（化学需氧量）、BOD（生化需氧量）氨氮及有机氮污染物排放量较大，沣河水体 DO（溶解氧）高有关。水体中的氨氮、亚硝氮、温度的增加是促进水体中硝化细菌的均匀性和丰富度的增高的主要因子，而pH值的升高，使得水体中硝化细菌的均匀性和丰富度降低。反硝化微生物在中游和下游的多样性和丰富度较高，与有机物及硝酸盐含量相关。水体中的BOD、COD、TP（总磷）、硝氮的增加是促进水体中反硝化细菌的均匀性和丰富度的增高主要相关因子，而DO的增多则会对部分反硝化细菌产生不利影响，使得水体中反硝化细菌的均匀性和丰富度降低。本研究结果为沣河以及其他河流的污染控制以及基于微生物的生态修复提供了科学研究和工程实践依据。河流水體氮素的超負荷不僅破壞瞭水體生態環境，也嚴重威脅著人類的生存和髮展。水體中有機氮、無機氮（氨氮、亞硝氮、硝氮）和分子氮之間的轉化（氮循環）有賴于水體中大量的氮循環微生物（固氮細菌、硝化細菌和反硝化細菌），然而這些氮循環微生物的生長繁殖也受到包括氮素的形態和濃度在內的多種環境因子的影響，這些因素也通過影響氮循環微生物的生長繁殖進而使得水體中氮素的轉化速率髮生變化，對水體氮汙染的防治有不可忽視的作用。本研究通過在灃河設置不同的研究斷麵，採集水體樣品，進行水質分析，併通過現代分子生物學技術（PCR-DGGE）方法對研究斷麵水體中氮循環微生物（固氮細菌、硝化細菌和反硝化細菌）的群落結構進行分析。再通過統計學軟件對所得分子生物學信息與水質環境因子的相關性進行統計學分析，髮現灃河水體中氮循環微生物群落結構受到多種環境因子共同影響，且在枯水期和豐水期錶現齣不同的特徵。在豐水期灃河水體中，硝化細菌群落在中遊錶現齣較高的多樣性和豐富性，這與灃河中上遊農業 COD（化學需氧量）、BOD（生化需氧量）氨氮及有機氮汙染物排放量較大，灃河水體 DO（溶解氧）高有關。水體中的氨氮、亞硝氮、溫度的增加是促進水體中硝化細菌的均勻性和豐富度的增高的主要因子，而pH值的升高，使得水體中硝化細菌的均勻性和豐富度降低。反硝化微生物在中遊和下遊的多樣性和豐富度較高，與有機物及硝痠鹽含量相關。水體中的BOD、COD、TP（總燐）、硝氮的增加是促進水體中反硝化細菌的均勻性和豐富度的增高主要相關因子，而DO的增多則會對部分反硝化細菌產生不利影響，使得水體中反硝化細菌的均勻性和豐富度降低。本研究結果為灃河以及其他河流的汙染控製以及基于微生物的生態脩複提供瞭科學研究和工程實踐依據。
하류수체담소적초부하불부파배료수체생태배경，야엄중위협착인류적생존화발전。수체중유궤담、무궤담（안담、아초담、초담）화분자담지간적전화（담순배）유뢰우수체중대량적담순배미생물（고담세균、초화세균화반초화세균），연이저사담순배미생물적생장번식야수도포괄담소적형태화농도재내적다충배경인자적영향，저사인소야통과영향담순배미생물적생장번식진이사득수체중담소적전화속솔발생변화，대수체담오염적방치유불가홀시적작용。본연구통과재풍하설치불동적연구단면，채집수체양품，진행수질분석，병통과현대분자생물학기술（PCR-DGGE）방법대연구단면수체중담순배미생물（고담세균、초화세균화반초화세균）적군락결구진행분석。재통과통계학연건대소득분자생물학신식여수질배경인자적상관성진행통계학분석，발현풍하수체중담순배미생물군락결구수도다충배경인자공동영향，차재고수기화봉수기표현출불동적특정。재봉수기풍하수체중，초화세균군락재중유표현출교고적다양성화봉부성，저여풍하중상유농업 COD（화학수양량）、BOD（생화수양량）안담급유궤담오염물배방량교대，풍하수체 DO（용해양）고유관。수체중적안담、아초담、온도적증가시촉진수체중초화세균적균균성화봉부도적증고적주요인자，이pH치적승고，사득수체중초화세균적균균성화봉부도강저。반초화미생물재중유화하유적다양성화봉부도교고，여유궤물급초산염함량상관。수체중적BOD、COD、TP（총린）、초담적증가시촉진수체중반초화세균적균균성화봉부도적증고주요상관인자，이DO적증다칙회대부분반초화세균산생불리영향，사득수체중반초화세균적균균성화봉부도강저。본연구결과위풍하이급기타하류적오염공제이급기우미생물적생태수복제공료과학연구화공정실천의거。
Nitrogen (N) is among the paramount interests to biogeochemistry and life on earth. But pollution of N in river water will make a threat to the ecological environment and human life.The transformation among organic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate) and molecular nitrogen(N2) in river water, called nitrogen cycling, depends on the nitrogen cycle microorganisms (nitrogen-fixing bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria). And these microorganisms and their activity of the nitrogen cycling are affected by a variety of environmental factors including the form and concentration of nitrogen, these factors affect the growth of microorganisms thus change the rate of transformation of nitrogen in water, which make a significant contribution to prevention of nitrogen pollution and removal of nitrogen pollutants. And thus a research of nitrogen cycle microbial and the related environmental factors is of great importance to removal of nitrogen pollutants in river water.Based on PCR-DGGE technology, water sampling points along the Feng River were set to study on the water quality and community of microorganisms related with nitrogen cycle. Then the related statistical softwares were used to analyze the relationship among the water quality and community of microorganisms related.In this study, during wet season, nitrifying bacteria community structure in the middle reaches is relatively rich in water, resulted from the agricultural COD, BOD, ammonia nitrogen, organic nitrogen emissions and high river water DO level. The increasing of BOD, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, T, TP promoted to the uniformity, richness of nitrifying bacteria in water, while the rising of pH reduced the uniformity and the abundance of nitrifying bacteria in water. Denitrifying bacteria community structure in the midstream and downstream is relatively rich in water, associated with organic matter and nitrate content. The increasing of BOD ,COD, TP, nitrate nitrogen was the main related factor of the uniformity, richness of denitrifying bacteria in water. While the rising of DO was harmful to part of denitrifying bacteria, and reduced the uniformity, richness of denitrifying bacteria. The results of this study provided the basis for pollution control and ecological restoration based on microbial technology in Fenghe River and other rivers.