CAJ | 학술논문

20世纪90年代中期，随着Shor算法和Grover算法的提出，量子计算领域得到广泛关注。金刚石固态 NV 色心方案作为量子计算机热门物理实现方案之一，因其在室温下的超长相干时间和可精确操控等独特优势而备受青睐；此外，NV色心还有望通过磁共振成像方式实现单核自旋探测。然而NV色心固态量子计算的一种扩展方式受限于相邻NV色心之间的磁偶极相互作用，要求两个 NV 色心之间相距只有数十纳米。这一尺度远小于普通远场光学的分辨率，即光学衍射极限，采用传统的共聚焦方法已无法分辨。受激发射损耗(STED)和基态损耗(GSD)等超分辨成像技术能够突破光学衍射极限限制，达到纳米量级的分辨率；同时结合最新的金刚石表面微纳刻蚀技术，可实现 NV 色心固态量子计算中不同色心的分辨和精确定位。该文从固态金刚石 NV 色心体系和光学衍射等主要方面对利用STED和GSD高分辨成像技术提高传统共聚焦显微镜对NV色心体系成像分辨率进行简要的介绍，并结合实例介绍一些最新的研究进展。
20세기90년대중기，수착Shor산법화Grover산법적제출，양자계산영역득도엄범관주。금강석고태 NV 색심방안작위양자계산궤열문물리실현방안지일，인기재실온하적초장상간시간화가정학조공등독특우세이비수청래；차외，NV색심환유망통과자공진성상방식실현단핵자선탐측。연이NV색심고태양자계산적일충확전방식수한우상린NV색심지간적자우겁상호작용，요구량개 NV 색심지간상거지유수십납미。저일척도원소우보통원장광학적분변솔，즉광학연사겁한，채용전통적공취초방법이무법분변。수격발사손모(STED)화기태손모(GSD)등초분변성상기술능구돌파광학연사겁한한제，체도납미량급적분변솔；동시결합최신적금강석표면미납각식기술，가실현 NV 색심고태양자계산중불동색심적분변화정학정위。해문종고태금강석 NV 색심체계화광학연사등주요방면대이용STED화GSD고분변성상기술제고전통공취초현미경대NV색심체계성상분변솔진행간요적개소，병결합실례개소일사최신적연구진전。
Quantum computation has been drawing more and more attentions, since the Shor's algorithm and Grover's algorithm are proposed in the middle 1990s. Among the systems being pursued for physically implementing a quantum computer, the diamond solid-state quantum computation, which use the electronic or nuclear spins of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as qubits, is considered more favorable because it has a super long coherence time at room temperature and precise manipulations for the system are readily available. In addition, NV centers may be used for single spin detection by magnetic resonance. For NV centers with a distance of tens of nanometers among them, the inter-center force will be strong enough to establish a quantum computer. However, the conventional confocal microscopy can only be used to resolve centers that are more than two hundred nanometers away from each other. Super-resolution microscopy techniques, such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) and ground state depletion (GSD), may provide a way to resolve NV centers with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit. In recent year, super-resolution microscopy has been used in combination with advanced surface processing technology for accurate positioning of NV centers in diamond. In this paper, we briefly summarize the super-resolution microscopy techniques that have been used in diamond solid-state quantum computation, and reviewed the latest developments in the field.