中国水稻科学
中國水稻科學
중국수도과학
CHINESE JOURNAL OF RICE SCIENCE
2014年
6期
621-631
,共11页
姜元华%张洪程%赵可%许俊伟%韦还和%龙厚元%王文婷%戴其根%霍中洋%许轲%魏海燕%郭保卫
薑元華%張洪程%趙可%許俊偉%韋還和%龍厚元%王文婷%戴其根%霍中洋%許軻%魏海燕%郭保衛
강원화%장홍정%조가%허준위%위환화%룡후원%왕문정%대기근%곽중양%허가%위해연%곽보위
水稻%品种%类型%产量%产量结构
水稻%品種%類型%產量%產量結構
수도%품충%류형%산량%산량결구
rice%cultivar%type%yield%yield structure
为阐明长江下游地区稻-麦两熟制高产栽培条件下不同类型水稻品种产量及其构成因素特征的差异,2012－2013年,在江苏扬州、常熟以籼粳杂交稻、杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻四种类型20个具有代表性的品种为材料,系统比较分析了不同类型水稻品种产量、茎蘖组成、穗部性状、籽粒灌浆等方面的差异.结果表明：1)在高产栽培条件下,不同地点和年份间产量均呈籼粳杂交稻＞杂交粳稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻趋势,其中,籼粳杂交稻品种平均产量为12499．4kg/hm2,分别较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻高4．82％、11．94％和19．68％,籼粳杂交稻品种增产的主要原因为每穗粒数极显著高于其他品种类型.2)产量构成因素对产量的净贡献率表现为总颖花量＞结实率＞千粒重,对总颖花量的净贡献率表现为每穗粒数大于有效穗数,说明大穗依然是水稻高产的主要途径.3)不同类型水稻品种拔节期茎蘖数表现为常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞杂交粳稻＞籼粳杂交稻,主茎和一级分蘖贡献率表现为籼粳杂交稻＞杂交籼稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交粳稻,二级分蘖贡献率表现为杂交粳稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞籼粳杂交稻；蜡熟期茎蘖组成特点与拔节期一致；不同类型水稻品种成穗率表现为常规粳稻最高(75．76％),杂交粳稻其次(72．87％),籼粳杂交稻再次(66．80％),杂交籼稻最低(63．24％).4)不同类型水稻品种穗长表现为杂交籼稻＞籼粳杂交稻＞杂交粳稻＞常规粳稻,着粒密度、每穗粒数和单穗重均表现为籼粳杂交稻＞杂交粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞常规粳稻；一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、一次枝梗总粒数和二次枝梗总粒数均表现为籼粳杂交稻＞杂交粳稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻,一次枝梗粒数对总粒数的贡献率表现为常规粳稻最大(41．00％),其次为杂交粳稻(35．50％)和籼粳杂交稻(31.83％),杂交籼稻最低(27．92％),二次枝梗总粒对每穗粒数的贡献率表现为杂交籼稻最大(72．80％),其次为籼粳杂交稻(68.17％)和杂交粳稻(64．50％),常规粳稻最小(59．00％).5)不同类型水稻品种终极生长量Wo呈常规粳稻＞杂交粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞籼粳杂交稻趋势,最大灌浆速率Vmax表现为常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞杂交粳稻＞籼粳杂交稻,到达最大灌浆速率的时间Tmax表现为杂交粳稻＞籼粳杂交稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻,平均灌浆速率Vmean表现为杂交籼稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交粳稻＞籼粳杂交稻,有效灌浆时间T99表现为籼粳杂交稻＞杂交粳稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻；阶段性灌浆特征方面,灌浆量在渐增期、快增期和缓增期均表现为常规粳稻＞杂交粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞籼粳杂交稻；灌浆时间在渐增期表现为杂交粳稻＞常规粳稻＞籼粳杂交稻＞杂交籼稻,在快增期和缓增期均表现为籼粳杂交稻＞杂交粳稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻；灌浆速率在渐增期表现为杂交籼稻＞籼粳杂交稻＞常规粳稻＞杂交粳稻,在快增期和缓增期表现为常规粳稻＞杂交籼稻＞杂交粳稻＞籼粳杂交稻.籼粳杂交稻较杂交粳稻、常规粳稻和杂交籼稻有明显的产量优势,“穗大粒多”是其产量优势形成的基础.
為闡明長江下遊地區稻-麥兩熟製高產栽培條件下不同類型水稻品種產量及其構成因素特徵的差異,2012－2013年,在江囌颺州、常熟以秈粳雜交稻、雜交粳稻、常規粳稻和雜交秈稻四種類型20箇具有代錶性的品種為材料,繫統比較分析瞭不同類型水稻品種產量、莖蘗組成、穗部性狀、籽粒灌漿等方麵的差異.結果錶明：1)在高產栽培條件下,不同地點和年份間產量均呈秈粳雜交稻＞雜交粳稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻趨勢,其中,秈粳雜交稻品種平均產量為12499．4kg/hm2,分彆較雜交粳稻、常規粳稻和雜交秈稻高4．82％、11．94％和19．68％,秈粳雜交稻品種增產的主要原因為每穗粒數極顯著高于其他品種類型.2)產量構成因素對產量的淨貢獻率錶現為總穎花量＞結實率＞韆粒重,對總穎花量的淨貢獻率錶現為每穗粒數大于有效穗數,說明大穗依然是水稻高產的主要途徑.3)不同類型水稻品種拔節期莖蘗數錶現為常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻＞雜交粳稻＞秈粳雜交稻,主莖和一級分蘗貢獻率錶現為秈粳雜交稻＞雜交秈稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交粳稻,二級分蘗貢獻率錶現為雜交粳稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻＞秈粳雜交稻；蠟熟期莖蘗組成特點與拔節期一緻；不同類型水稻品種成穗率錶現為常規粳稻最高(75．76％),雜交粳稻其次(72．87％),秈粳雜交稻再次(66．80％),雜交秈稻最低(63．24％).4)不同類型水稻品種穗長錶現為雜交秈稻＞秈粳雜交稻＞雜交粳稻＞常規粳稻,著粒密度、每穗粒數和單穗重均錶現為秈粳雜交稻＞雜交粳稻＞雜交秈稻＞常規粳稻；一次枝梗數、二次枝梗數、一次枝梗總粒數和二次枝梗總粒數均錶現為秈粳雜交稻＞雜交粳稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻,一次枝梗粒數對總粒數的貢獻率錶現為常規粳稻最大(41．00％),其次為雜交粳稻(35．50％)和秈粳雜交稻(31.83％),雜交秈稻最低(27．92％),二次枝梗總粒對每穗粒數的貢獻率錶現為雜交秈稻最大(72．80％),其次為秈粳雜交稻(68.17％)和雜交粳稻(64．50％),常規粳稻最小(59．00％).5)不同類型水稻品種終極生長量Wo呈常規粳稻＞雜交粳稻＞雜交秈稻＞秈粳雜交稻趨勢,最大灌漿速率Vmax錶現為常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻＞雜交粳稻＞秈粳雜交稻,到達最大灌漿速率的時間Tmax錶現為雜交粳稻＞秈粳雜交稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻,平均灌漿速率Vmean錶現為雜交秈稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交粳稻＞秈粳雜交稻,有效灌漿時間T99錶現為秈粳雜交稻＞雜交粳稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻；階段性灌漿特徵方麵,灌漿量在漸增期、快增期和緩增期均錶現為常規粳稻＞雜交粳稻＞雜交秈稻＞秈粳雜交稻；灌漿時間在漸增期錶現為雜交粳稻＞常規粳稻＞秈粳雜交稻＞雜交秈稻,在快增期和緩增期均錶現為秈粳雜交稻＞雜交粳稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻；灌漿速率在漸增期錶現為雜交秈稻＞秈粳雜交稻＞常規粳稻＞雜交粳稻,在快增期和緩增期錶現為常規粳稻＞雜交秈稻＞雜交粳稻＞秈粳雜交稻.秈粳雜交稻較雜交粳稻、常規粳稻和雜交秈稻有明顯的產量優勢,“穗大粒多”是其產量優勢形成的基礎.
위천명장강하유지구도-맥량숙제고산재배조건하불동류형수도품충산량급기구성인소특정적차이,2012－2013년,재강소양주、상숙이선갱잡교도、잡교갱도、상규갱도화잡교선도사충류형20개구유대표성적품충위재료,계통비교분석료불동류형수도품충산량、경얼조성、수부성상、자립관장등방면적차이.결과표명：1)재고산재배조건하,불동지점화년빈간산량균정선갱잡교도＞잡교갱도＞상규갱도＞잡교선도추세,기중,선갱잡교도품충평균산량위12499．4kg/hm2,분별교잡교갱도、상규갱도화잡교선도고4．82％、11．94％화19．68％,선갱잡교도품충증산적주요원인위매수립수겁현저고우기타품충류형.2)산량구성인소대산량적정공헌솔표현위총영화량＞결실솔＞천립중,대총영화량적정공헌솔표현위매수립수대우유효수수,설명대수의연시수도고산적주요도경.3)불동류형수도품충발절기경얼수표현위상규갱도＞잡교선도＞잡교갱도＞선갱잡교도,주경화일급분얼공헌솔표현위선갱잡교도＞잡교선도＞상규갱도＞잡교갱도,이급분얼공헌솔표현위잡교갱도＞상규갱도＞잡교선도＞선갱잡교도；사숙기경얼조성특점여발절기일치；불동류형수도품충성수솔표현위상규갱도최고(75．76％),잡교갱도기차(72．87％),선갱잡교도재차(66．80％),잡교선도최저(63．24％).4)불동류형수도품충수장표현위잡교선도＞선갱잡교도＞잡교갱도＞상규갱도,착립밀도、매수립수화단수중균표현위선갱잡교도＞잡교갱도＞잡교선도＞상규갱도；일차지경수、이차지경수、일차지경총립수화이차지경총립수균표현위선갱잡교도＞잡교갱도＞상규갱도＞잡교선도,일차지경립수대총립수적공헌솔표현위상규갱도최대(41．00％),기차위잡교갱도(35．50％)화선갱잡교도(31.83％),잡교선도최저(27．92％),이차지경총립대매수립수적공헌솔표현위잡교선도최대(72．80％),기차위선갱잡교도(68.17％)화잡교갱도(64．50％),상규갱도최소(59．00％).5)불동류형수도품충종겁생장량Wo정상규갱도＞잡교갱도＞잡교선도＞선갱잡교도추세,최대관장속솔Vmax표현위상규갱도＞잡교선도＞잡교갱도＞선갱잡교도,도체최대관장속솔적시간Tmax표현위잡교갱도＞선갱잡교도＞상규갱도＞잡교선도,평균관장속솔Vmean표현위잡교선도＞상규갱도＞잡교갱도＞선갱잡교도,유효관장시간T99표현위선갱잡교도＞잡교갱도＞상규갱도＞잡교선도；계단성관장특정방면,관장량재점증기、쾌증기화완증기균표현위상규갱도＞잡교갱도＞잡교선도＞선갱잡교도；관장시간재점증기표현위잡교갱도＞상규갱도＞선갱잡교도＞잡교선도,재쾌증기화완증기균표현위선갱잡교도＞잡교갱도＞상규갱도＞잡교선도；관장속솔재점증기표현위잡교선도＞선갱잡교도＞상규갱도＞잡교갱도,재쾌증기화완증기표현위상규갱도＞잡교선도＞잡교갱도＞선갱잡교도.선갱잡교도교잡교갱도、상규갱도화잡교선도유명현적산량우세,“수대립다”시기산량우세형성적기출.
With 20 representative rice cultivars belonging to four types as materials,a field experiment was conducted to reveal the difference in yield and its components in the rice-wheat cropping areas(Yangzhou,Changshu)in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2012 -201 3.Grain yield and its components,stems and tillers and panicle traits and grain-filling were analyzed systematically.Result show that,1)under the high yielding cultivation conditions,rice grain yield followed a decline trend of indica-japonica hybrid rice(IJHR)>japonica hybrid rice(JHR)>traditional japonica rice(TJR)>indica hybrid rice(IHR)in different sites and years.The average yield of IJHR in both years in Yangzhou was 12499.4 kg??hm-2 ,4.82%,1 1 .94% and 1 9.68% higher than those of JHR,TJR and IHR.2)The contribution of yield components to yield was total spikelet number>seed-setting rate>1000-grain weight,and the contribution to total spikelet number was grain number per panicle>number of effective panicles.It illustrated that big panicle remained the main way for high yield of rice.3)The number of stems and tillers at jointing stage was TJR>IHR>JHR>IJHR,the contribution rates of stems and primary tillers were IJHR>IHR>TJR>JHR,while the contribution rate of the sec-ondary tillers was JHR>TJR>IHR>IJHR,the composition of stems and tillers at waxy stage was the same as that at jointing stage;percentage of effective tillers of TJR (75.76%) ranked first,followed by JHR (72.87%),IJHR (66.80%)and IHR(63.24%).4)Panicle length followed a trend of IHR> IJHR >JHR > TJR;grain density,single panicle weight were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR;grain number on the primary rachis branch was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the primary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>TJR>IHR, the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the primary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was TJR (41 .00%),JHR (35 .50%),IJHR (3 1 .83%),IHR (27.92%);grain number on the secondary rachis branch was IHR>IJHR>TJR>JHR,while number of branches and total grain number on the secondary rachis branch were IJHR>JHR>IHR>TJR,the trend of the contribution rate of grain number on the secondary rachis branch to grain number per panicle from high to low was IHR(72.80%),IJHR(68.1 7%),JHR(64.50%),TJR(5 9.00%).5)The final grain weight was TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR,maximum grain-filling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,the time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,mean grain-filling rate was IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR,effective grain-filling time was JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR;For grain-filling characteristics during different sta-ges,grain-filling amount of gradual growth stage,fast growth stage and slow growth stage were TJR>JHR>IHR>IJHR;grain-filling time of gradual growth stage was JHR>TJR>IJHR>IHR,grain-filling time of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were JHR>IJHR>TJR>IHR;mean grain-filling rate of gradual growth stage was IHR>TJR>IJHR>JHR,grain-filling rate of fast growth stage and slow growth stage were IHR>TJR>JHR>IJHR.Compared with JHR ,TJR and IHR,IJHR had obvious advantages in productivity with big panicle as the basis.
