CAJ | 학술논문

以 F 优498为材料,采用二因素裂区设计,在齐穗后25 d,研究了不同播期下3种种植方式对水稻主茎和分蘖茎基部节间的理化性状和抗倒伏能力的影响。结果表明,手插处理的抗倒伏能力显著强于机直播和机插,产量表现为机直播处理显著低于机插与手插。相关性分析表明,倒伏指数与重心高度、节间长度、弯曲力矩、N 含量和 P 含量呈正相关,与茎秆外径、茎壁厚度、秆型指数、比茎质量、纤维素含量、木质素含量、可溶性糖含量、K 含量、每穗粒数和产量负相关。与手插处理相比,机直播与机插处理的茎秆重心高度高,基部节间长,秆型指数和比茎质量小,N、P 含量高,纤维素、木质素、可溶性糖和K 含量较低,弯曲力矩大,折断弯矩较小,倒伏指数大。推迟播期使茎秆的重心高度上升,基部节间变得长、细、薄,充实度小,纤维素、木质素、可溶性糖和 K 含量明显下降,抗倒伏能力显著降低。水稻抗倒伏能力强的性状表现为茎秆的基部节间短而粗且充实度高,纤维素、木质素和 K 含量高；种植方式与播期改变了茎秆的物理结构和化学成分含量,这可能是引起倒伏指数变化的主要原因。
이 F 우498위재료,채용이인소렬구설계,재제수후25 d,연구료불동파기하3충충식방식대수도주경화분얼경기부절간적이화성상화항도복능력적영향。결과표명,수삽처리적항도복능력현저강우궤직파화궤삽,산량표현위궤직파처리현저저우궤삽여수삽。상관성분석표명,도복지수여중심고도、절간장도、만곡력구、N 함량화 P 함량정정상관,여경간외경、경벽후도、간형지수、비경질량、섬유소함량、목질소함량、가용성당함량、K 함량、매수립수화산량부상관。여수삽처리상비,궤직파여궤삽처리적경간중심고도고,기부절간장,간형지수화비경질량소,N、P 함량고,섬유소、목질소、가용성당화K 함량교저,만곡력구대,절단만구교소,도복지수대。추지파기사경간적중심고도상승,기부절간변득장、세、박,충실도소,섬유소、목질소、가용성당화 K 함량명현하강,항도복능력현저강저。수도항도복능력강적성상표현위경간적기부절간단이조차충실도고,섬유소、목질소화 K 함량고；충식방식여파기개변료경간적물리결구화화학성분함량,저가능시인기도복지수변화적주요원인。
In the twenty-fifth day after full heading,the physical and chemical characteristics and lodging resistance of basal internodes in main stem and tillers were studied under three planting methods at two sowing dates in a split plot field experiment with F you 498 as material.The results showed that lodging resistance of artifically-transplanted rice was significantly higher than that under mechanized planting,and the yield of mechanical direct-seeding rice was significantly lower than that of the mechanical transplanted and the artificial transplanted rice.Correlation analysis indicated that lodging index was positively correlated with gravity center height,internode length,bending moment and contents of N and P,and negatively correlated with internode diameter and thickness,culm type index,dry weight to length ratio of the of unit internode,contents of cellulose,lignin,soluble sugars and K,spikelet number per panicle and grain yield.Compared with artificial transplanting rice,mechanical direct-seeding and transplanting rice showed higher gravity center height,longer basal internodes and higher contents of N and P,smaller culm type index and RWLI(dry weight to length ratio of the internode).The lodging indexes were larger under mechanized direct-seeding and transplanting due to its larger bending moment and lower breaking moment.Gravity center height and internonde length increased and the internode diameter and thickness,plumpness status,contents of cellulose,lignin,soluble sugars and K and breaking moment lowered with delaying sowing date.Thus,lodging indexes under late sowing increased significantly.The short,thick and sturdy basal internode and higher contents of cellulose,lignin and K could help strength lodging resistance.The changes in structure and chemical contents of culm due to the changes in planting methods and sowing dates were probably the main reasons for the variation of lodging indexes.