CAJ | 학술논문

现代城市化发展给当地气候和环境带来巨大影响，然而城市规划和城市发展中对城市气候信息的应用却非常有限。以北京为示范案例，初步建立北京城市气候图系统，将城市气候信息应用于北京可持续发展和生态城市建设。定量分析北京自然环境和典型城市形态因子对城市气候的影响，评估城市热环境和城市风环境现状，形成北京城市气候分析图。结合各典型城市气候空间不同建筑区域内建筑物可分辨风场数值模拟，完成北京市区范围城市气候规划建议图。北京四环以内近乎闭合式的“单中心+环状”城市发展布局，使大部分区域承受极强的热压，且通风廊道不足，通风严重不畅。针对此现状，分别对五类城市气候规划建议区提出初步规划建议，审慎开发决策，缓解城市气候问题。北京城市气候图系统在传统城市气候图的基础上，强调了对规划方案的预测评估。且提出对城市气象灾害进行风险评估，从规划预警的角度应对城市气象灾害，加强北京应对极端天气、防灾减灾的能力。
현대성시화발전급당지기후화배경대래거대영향，연이성시규화화성시발전중대성시기후신식적응용각비상유한。이북경위시범안례，초보건립북경성시기후도계통，장성시기후신식응용우북경가지속발전화생태성시건설。정량분석북경자연배경화전형성시형태인자대성시기후적영향，평고성시열배경화성시풍배경현상，형성북경성시기후분석도。결합각전형성시기후공간불동건축구역내건축물가분변풍장수치모의，완성북경시구범위성시기후규화건의도。북경사배이내근호폐합식적“단중심+배상”성시발전포국，사대부분구역승수겁강적열압，차통풍랑도불족，통풍엄중불창。침대차현상，분별대오류성시기후규화건의구제출초보규화건의，심신개발결책，완해성시기후문제。북경성시기후도계통재전통성시기후도적기출상，강조료대규화방안적예측평고。차제출대성시기상재해진행풍험평고，종규화예경적각도응대성시기상재해，가강북경응대겁단천기、방재감재적능력。
Modern urbanization and development bring great influence to local climate and environment.However,the application impact of urban climatic information on urban planning and local development is still very limited.This paper takes Beijing as the demonstration case and preliminarily establishes Beijing Urban Climate Map(UCMap) system,to apply urban climatic information to scientific planning and the construction of sustainable city and envi-ronment.The impacts of Beij ing’s natural environment and urban morphology characteristics on urban thermal envi-ronment and urban wind environment are quantitatively analyzed.Urban Climatic Analysis Map(UC-AnMap)within Beij ing urban areas is then formed.Incorporating three-dimensional wind field characteristics numerical simulations of complex building environments in each representative urban climatic spatial unit,Urban Climatic Recommendation Map(UC-ReMap)within Beijing urban areas is finally developed.It shows that nearly closed-type “single center+rings”urban layout within the Fourth Ring Road results in strong thermal load and poor ventilation in most of the areas.Besides,a series of possible climatic spatial planning recommendations are put forward to relieve urban climate problems and improve urban environment.Based on traditional Urban Climate Map,Beijing Urban Climate Map system specifically emphasizes the forecast and evaluation of proposed planning schemes.Furthermore,it particularly stress risk assessment of urban meteorological disasters from the view of early warning in planning,in order to strengthen the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation in Beij ing.